We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming（把…按能力分班）pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

　　Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) abilities. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

　　In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

　　Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively. And expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

1. Group work provides pupils with the opportunity_________.

　　A. to develop academic abilities                 　　 B. to learn to teach.

　　C. to do some experiments                        　　 D. to learn to be capable organizers.

2. By "held back" in the first paragraph the author means _________.

　　A. drawn to their studies                           　　     B. prevented from advancing

　　C. made to remain in the same classes         　　 D. forced to study in the lower classes

3. In the passage the author's attitude towards " mixed-ability teaching" is ________.

　　A.questioning               B. approving  　　     C. objective 　　 D. critical

4. The author's purpose of writing this passage is to _________.

　　A. offer advice on the proper use of the library

　　B. emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching

　　C. argue for teaching bright and not -so-bright pupils in the same class

　　D. recommend pair work and group-work for classroom activities

5. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's _____.

　　A. total personality              　　                   B. intellectual ability

　　C. learning ability and communicative skills        D. personal qualities and social skills

An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.

The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.

The implication (含义) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”

1.The underlined word in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.

A．program          B．regulation         C．correction         D．classification

2.What’s the passage mainly about?

A．A new scientific experiment.

B．The Self-fulfilling Effect.

C．Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”.

D．An improved teaching method.

3.The experiment was made in order to _________.

A．try out a new teaching method

B．pick out the most excellent pupils

C．learn if expectations affect performance

D．give each pupil a proper rating

4.What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?

A．Strict training from Higgins.

B．Her own strong will and hard work.

C．The proper way she was regarded.

D．Warm encouragement from Pickering.

5.According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”.

A．I’m sure you can make it                 B．I will help you any time

C．It is as easy as pie                       D．It doesn’t matter if you fail

Generations of children who sat through endless lessons of “chalk and talk” in front of a bossy teacher can take some relief. But the “chalk and talk” method helped them achieve better exam results. Modern classroom techniques may make school days a good deal happier, but contentment(满足) is not the road to success in examinations, according to university researchers.?

Their three-year study, monitoring the progress of 2000 teenagers, tried to measure the influence of the “boredom factor” in 17 selected schools in the north of England. The researchers also found that the old-fashioned approach(方法) of teachers ordering pupils about is still alive and producing results. Their conclusions were welcomed yesterday by educationists who were worried by the shift to less formal lessons.

The pupils in the latest study were asked to award teachers marks to measure how frequently they followed or ignored today's fashion for “child-centred” education. A five-point scale was given to spot the teachers who always told them what they should know and what to write down. “It was significant and not anything you would get by chance or accident. Certainly, when you compare the pupil's interest and attitude to school, there is a quite definite and highly significant difference,” one of the researchers said. But the rankings were turned upside down when the team of four researchers looked at how the children did in examination. The sort of methods now frowned upon(不赞同) actually improve the final grades.?

The researchers said,“There is nothing wrong with old-fashioned, didactic(说教性的) teaching in the fight place, even if it isn't the flavor at the moment.” However, he insisted the best teachers had always mixed the two techniques to match the needs of pupils, although certain examinations forced some to concentrate more on dictation and learning by rote(死记硬背).?

University researchers have discovered that _______.

A. modern teaching methods provide students with entertainment?

B. students taught by modern techniques are happy and successful?

C. traditional teaching methods help students score higher?

D. students like old teaching better than modern teaching at school?

We can infer from Paragraph 3 that _______.?

A. child-centred education promotes friendship among children?

B. the research findings are not significant enough for a conclusion?

C. those who show greater interest in school did better in exams?

D. those who don't show much interest in school may turn out to score higher in tests

The researchers suggest that _______.

A. more old methods be used in teaching?

B. students be taught how to score high in exams?

C. dictation be used as one of the best teaching methods?

D. old and new methods be used together?

The best title for this text would be _______.

A. The Examination?based Teaching

B. Rote Learning Was the Winner

C. The Problem of Child-centred Education

D. The Problem of the Traditional Method

 My First Day
I was still shy in the presence of a crowd. And my first day at the new 36 made me a laughing stock（笑柄） of the classroom .I was sent to the blackboard to write my   37 . I knew my name, and knew how to write it , but standing at the blackboard with the  38  of so many pupils on my back made me  39  inside and I was unable to write a single letter.
“Write your name,” the teacher called to me. I  40 the white chalk to the blackboard, as I was about to write, my mind went blank, I could not remember my name,  41 the first letter. Somebody laughed and I became  42 .
“Just forget us and write your name,” the teacher called and walked to my side,  43 at me to give me confidence.
“What is your name?” she asked.
“Richard,” I   44
“Then write it.”
I turned to the blackboard and lifted my hand to write, but then I was  45  again. I tried to  46  my senses but I could remember nothing. I realized how totally I was 47 and I grew weak and leaned my hot forehead  48 the cold blackboard. The room burst into a loud  49 and my muscles froze. I sat and  50  myself. Why did I always appear so dumb  51  I was called upon to perform in a crowd? I knew how to write as well as any other pupil in the classroom, and there was no  52 I could read better than any of them, and I could talk  53  when I was sure of myself. Then why did strange  54  make me freeze? I sat with my ears and neck  55 , hearing the pupils around me whisper, hating myself.