Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.

In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.

The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

B．In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

C．Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

D．Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.

2.The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.

A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

B．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other

C．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

D．feeling angry at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

3.Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _________.

A．more likely to pay attention to the value of what they get

B．attentive to researchers’ instructions

C．nice in both appearance and behaviors

D．more ready to help others than their male companions

4.We can learn ________according to the passage?

A．Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.

B．Cooperation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

C．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago.

5.What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

A．The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

B．The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

C．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

D．Cooperation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

A blog can be a very effective way of spreading the words about yourself, and your other writing. It can unshroud your knowledge, and create an ongoing relationship with your readers. A good blog is more than just a marketing tool; it’s also an expression of your personality.

An obvious starting point is to post samples of your work that not only show off your skills and writing ability but also leave people wanting more. Post elections from the most exciting parts of your stories but end them just as the action reaches its peak. If you write nonfiction （写实文学）, show people what they could achieve, and give them a few steps to get them started.

Give tips, information and advice about the subjects you cover. For example, something about struggling with difficulty and many other issues like this. Your writing tips can also be included, as well as interesting, strange or funny things you discovered during your research. Whenever you contact an expert, ask if he or she has any interesting stories you could use. You many also give background information about your stories and locations

Give details of coming posts on your blog, so people can watch out for you, or come and meet you. Personal news will help people feel better connected to you Include photos of objects and locations in your writing, famous people you meet, the views from your window, and your favorite things – with a note about where they came from and what they mean to you. Look out for things that will help your readers get to know you better, know the subject better, or anything else you think they might find useful, inspiring or entertaining.

If you only occasionally post things on your blog, people have a tendency to forget you. As a writer you shouldn’t ever run out of interesting materials to fill your blog with —and your readers will love you for it.

1.Which is the best title for the text?

A. What to Blog about                                    B. How to Start a Blog

C. Why to Launch a Blog                                D. How to Make Website Attractive

2.The underlined word “unshroud” in the first paragraph means _____.

A. put on                     B. turn up          C. show off                  D. write down

3.You’d better blog about ______.

A. the difficulties of your position to readers

B. the entertaining stories you have

C. advice about your readers’ subjects

D. masterpieces from famous writers

4.What does the author suggest for keeping a blog?

A. Posting things on your blog once in a while.

B. Adding new stories to it every day.

C. Filling it with attractive things frequently.

D. Loving it as your life.

A blog can be a very effective way of spreading the words about yourself, and your other writing. It can unshroud your knowledge, and create an ongoing relationship with your readers. A good blog is more than just a marketing tool; it’s also an expression of your personality.

An obvious starting point is to post samples of your work that not only show off your skills and writing ability but also leave people wanting more. Post selections from the most exciting parts of your stories but end them just as the action reaches its peak. If you write nonfiction (写实文学), show people what they could achieve, and give them a few steps to get them started.

Give tips, information and advice about the subjects you cover. For example, something about struggling with difficulty and many other issues like this. Your writing tips can also be included, as well as interesting, strange or funny things you discovered during your research. Whenever you contact an expert, ask if he or she has any interesting stories you could use. You may also give background information about your stories and the locations.

Give details of coming posts on your blog, so people can watch out for you, or come and meet you. Personal news will help people feel better connected to you. Include photos of objects and locations in your writing, famous people you meet, the views from your window, and your favorite things—with a note about where they came from and what they mean to you. Look out for things that will help your readers get to know you better, know the subject better, or anything else you think they might find useful, inspiring or entertaining.

If you only occasionally post things on your blog, people have a tendency to forget you. As a writer you shouldn’t ever run out of interesting materials to fill your blog with—and your readers will love you for it.

1.Which is the best title for the text?

A．What to Blog about                      B．How to Start a Blog

C．Why to Launch a Blog                    D．How to Make Website Attractive

2.The underlined word “unshroud” in the first paragraph means ________.

A．hold out                              B．turn up

C．show off                              D．put down

3.You’d better blog about ________.

A．the difficulties of your position to readers

B．the entertaining stories you have

C．advice about your readers’ subjects

D．masterpieces from famous writers

4.What does the author suggest for keeping a blog?

A．Posting things on your blog once in a while.

B．Adding new stories to it every day.

C．Filling it with attractive things frequently.

D．Loving it as your life.

The Apple iPhone’s impact was widely evident (明显的) at the Consumer Electronics Show, as new touch－screen devices could be found everywhere.

The consumer electronics industry came unbuttoned in Las Vegas this week. At the annual Consumer Electronics Show, companies from around the world unveiled many devices boasting (以拥有…而自豪) touch – sensitive technology, rather than traditional push-button controls.

Motorola, Sony, and LG Electronics all showed off touch-screen phones this week. Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates praised and offered a touch-screen computer, the Surface, related to a flat panel TV for a tabletop. Even camera makers, such as Kodak，included touch-screen LCDs in their devices. Touch-screen tech has been in use for years，but the push to develop and weave it into consumer electronics gathered steam with the June introduction of Apple’s iPhone. “The touch-screen industry is really getting hot,” says Jennifer Colegrove, a senior analyst at iSuppli. “Since the iPhone came out, there are a lot of companies that did not have a relationship with touch screens before that decided, ‘OK, I want to make a touch screen, too.’”

The touch－screen tech ecosystem now includes more than 100 companies specializing in everything from smudge-proof (防污的) screens to sensors (传感器) able to detect fingers before they even contact the screen. Sales of leading touch-screen technologies，such as those used in mobile phones and navigation (航行) devices，are expected to rise to $ 4.4 billion in 2012, up from $ 2.4 billion in 2006，according to iSuppli estimates.

1.What did the writer think about the Apple iPhone？

2.What is the meaning of the underlined word “unveiled” in the second paragraph？

3.The touch-screen tech was used in consumer electronics mainly because of _______.

4.What can we learn from the passage?

Growing up, I always dreamed of being a professional figure skater. After years of hard work, I am living proof that dreams can come true.

When I was born, my parents immediately noticed something  36  and the doctor said I couldn't skate. I, however,  37  trying skating in an ice rink (溜冰场), where local skaters   38  perform ice shows. I started taking group skating lessons, and performing on ice came naturally, but I have always been  39  to speak in group settings. One thing I've never been afraid of is  40  , though. I get nervous, but never  41  . For me, skating has been about being my personal best  42  beating others on the ice. 1 progressed through various  43 rapidly and gave my first ice performance at seven. Soon I started winning local and regional competitions. That's  44  being on the ice has always been the one place where I can  45   express my own emotions. The ice is like home.

When I was nine years old I began training  46 . I would wake up at four o'clock in the morning six days a week and skate for five hours. Then I'd go to school. Since  47  has always been important in my family, I had no  48  but to find creative ways to fit in school studies throughout my  49  career.

After graduating from high school, I moved to Canada and set out to train full-time to give my dreams a chance at reality. In 1992 I went to compete in the Olympic Games.  50 , not my coach or even my family, ever talked to me about winning a gold medal. In fact, I wouldn't even  51  myself to think about it. I thought that would disturb me.  52 , I went with the attitude that I wanted to enjoy the Olympic spirit.  53  the expectation of all the people, I won the gold medal and words couldn't describe the overwhelming mixture of emotions I felt. Then I truly understood what  54  most in achieving a dream is nor to  55  it when you 1ace difficulties, but strive to make it come true.

1.A. unique         B. wrong            C. unbelievable         D. attractive

2.A. directed to        B. led to          C. insisted on          D. fixed on

3.A. could          B. should               C. might           D. would

4.A. doubtful           B. brave           C. shy             D. disabled

5.A. competition        B. expression           C. exchange        D. display

6. A. annoyed           B. disappointed         C. sad                  D. fearful

7. A. rather than       B. other than           C. except for           D. as for

8. A. positions         B. levels               C. points               D. ways

9.A. where          B. why                  C. when             D. because

10.A, easily            B. immediately     C. truly                D. slowly

11.A. freely            B. comfortably     C. seriously            D. quickly

12.A. education         B. wealth          C. reputation           D. health

13.A. chance        B. choice               C. goal                 D. freedom

14.A. boring       B. aimless         C. amateur              D. normal

15. A. Somebody    B. Everybody       C. Anybody         D. Nobody

16.A. allow         B. promise         C. force                D. discourage

17. A. However          B. Therefore            C. Besides         D. Naturally

18. A. Beyond           B. Within          C. Despite              D. Without

19.A. stresses          B. applies              C. matters              D. acts

20.A. ruin            B. ignore             C. change          D. abandon