阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）各选出最佳选项。

　　Have you ever heard of John James Audubon？He was born in 1785 and died in 1851，but his 　　1　　 is still talked about every day．Audubon was a scientist who loved 　　2　　 ．He wanted to show people the 　　3　　 of nature in their lives．He was especially interested in 　　4　　 ，and painted many beautiful pictures of them．

　　In 1950，the National Audubon Society was formed by 　　5　　 who were also interested in birds and wanted to 　　6　　 this great man's 　　7　　 studies．Even 　　8　　 ，when people think of the Audubon Society，they do 　　9　　 things besides watching 　　10　　 ．They always find great pleasure in these activities．

　　The 　　11　　 of the Society try to 　　12　　 the environment as much as they can．They let the public 　　13　　 about laws that are needed．They have helped to 　　14　　 many laws that protect birds and animals and 　　15　　 too．They teach young people how to protect their 　　16　　 ．They try to make their own communities （社区） 　　17　　 ，better places to 　　18　　 ．

John James Audubon 　　19　　 that nature was important，but he did not know how important his 　　20　　 would become and what effects it would have．He would have felt content if he had known that what he started would be continued and developed after his death．

1．A．story

B．name

C．death

D．life

2．A．nature

B．reading

C．study

D．science

3．A．good

B．use

C．importance

D．need

4．A．flowers

B．fish

C．trees

D．birds

5．A．a scientist

B．people

C．his students

D．his friends

6．A．join in

B．follow

C．continue

D．develop

7．A．law

B．weather

C．bird

D．nature

8．A．then

B．now

C．busy

D．poor

9．A．other

B．no other

C．more important

D．less important

10．A．the sky

B．television

C．birds

D．life

11．A．members

B．thunders

C．supporter

D．helpers

12．A．help

B．remain

C．keep

D．improve

13．A．hear

B．think

C．know

D．talk

14．A．pass

B．keep

C．study

D．follow

15．A．tigers

B．humans

C．plant

D．living things

16．A．birds

B．life

C．homes

D．environment

17．A．bigger

B．cleaner

C．nice

D．prettier

18．A．work in

B．play in

C．stay in

D．live in

19．A．saw

B．learned

C．knew

D．discovered

20．A．work

B．life

C．interest

D．name

Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These signs, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our space of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these signs, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are removed. No matter how broadminded or full of good will you may be, a series of supports have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes discomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.” When foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure that they are suffering from culture shock.

Another phrase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner, everything becomes unreasonably glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

　　  1. Culture shock is called an occupational disease mainly because

　　　　  A. like all other disease it has its own symptoms and culture

　　　　  B. only those who engage in culture work suffer from it

　　　　  C. it is hard to get rid of

　　　　  D. only those living in a strange culture may experience it

　　  2. When people are transplanted abroad,——.

　　　　  A. they soon adapt themselves to the new culture environment

　　　　  B. they try to avoid culture shock

　　　　  C. they feel lost in strange surroundings

　　　　  D. they become seriously ill

　　  3. What do people suffering from culture shock usually do?

　　　　  A. They tend to take delight in gossiping.

　　　　  B. They tend to beautify their home culture.

　　　　  C. They tend to daydream.

　　　　  D. They tend to complain about physical discomforts.

　　  4. The main idea of this passage is that

　　　　  A. culture shock is an occupational disease

　　　　  B. culture shock is caused by the anxiety of living in a strange culture

　　　　  C. culture shock has peculiar symptoms

　　　　  D. it is very hard to cope with life in a new setting

Culture shock is an occupational disease for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad like most illnesses; it has its own symptoms and cure.

Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These signs, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our space of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these signs, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are removed. No matter how broadminded or full of good will you may be, a series of supports have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes discomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.” When foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure that they are suffering from culture shock.

Another phrase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner, everything becomes unreasonably glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

　　  1. Culture shock is called an occupational disease mainly because

　　　　  A. like all other disease it has its own symptoms and culture

　　　　  B. only those who engage in culture work suffer from it

　　　　  C. it is hard to get rid of

　　　　  D. only those living in a strange culture may experience it

　　  2. When people are transplanted abroad,——.

　　　　  A. they soon adapt themselves to the new culture environment

　　　　  B. they try to avoid culture shock

　　　　  C. they feel lost in strange surroundings

　　　　  D. they become seriously ill

　　  3. What do people suffering from culture shock usually do?

　　　　  A. They tend to take delight in gossiping.

　　　　  B. They tend to beautify their home culture.

　　　　  C. They tend to daydream.

　　　　  D. They tend to complain about physical discomforts.

　　  4. The main idea of this passage is that

　　　　  A. culture shock is an occupational disease

　　　　  B. culture shock is caused by the anxiety of living in a strange culture

　　　　  C. culture shock has peculiar symptoms

　　　　  D. it is very hard to cope with life in a new setting

For years, there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家). In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B. Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by … science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”

The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (确认) the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments — the tools of psychology — bring more lasting benefits than drugs.

You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.

Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”. Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment.”

When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit itself.”

57. Many clinical psychologists fail to provide the most effective treatments because ________.

A. they are unfamiliar with their patients　　　　　　　　 B. they believe in science and evidence

C. they depend on their colleagues’ help　　　　 　 D. they rely on their personal experiences

58. The widening gap between clinical practice and science is due to _______.

A. the cruel judgment by Walter Mischel Ks*5u

B. the fact that most patients get better after being treated

C. the great progress that has been made in psychological research

D. the fact that patients prefer to take drugs rather than have other treatments

59. How do clinical psychologists respond when charged that their treatments are not supported by science? Ks*5u

A. They feel embarrassed.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. They try to defend themselves.

C. They are disappointed.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. They doubt their treatments.

60. In Mischel’s opinion, psychology will ____.

A. destroy its own reputation if no improvement is made

B. develop faster with the support of insurance companies

C. work together with insurance companies to provide better treatment

D. become more reliable if insurance companies won’t demand evidence-based medicine