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阅读理解

　　According to a new survey, student safety has become a big problem．Nearly 50％ of students say they are worried about robbery(抢劫)on the way to and from school．Now in many big cities in China, some schools have taught an unusual lesson： self-protection(自我保护)．Students like this lesson because there are no exams or boring classes．And they can learn how to save lives and know how to stop danger before it really happens．

　　Chen Haoyu, a teacher at Beijing No．25 Middle School and a self-protection expert(专家), gives young students advice on how to deal with danger．

　　If you are robbed

　　Keep calm．If you can not cry for help or run away, give the robber your money．Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later．

　　If you are in a traffic accident

　　If a car hurts you, you should remember the car number; if it is a bicycle, try to call your parents before you let the rider go．This is because you don't know how badly you are hurt．

　　If it is raining hard and there is lightning(闪电)

　　Don't stay in high places and keep away from trees．

　　When there is a fire

　　Get away as fast as you can．Put wet things on your body and try to find an exit(出口)．

　　Do not take the lift!

　　If someone is drowning(溺水)

　　If you can't swim, don't get into the water．Cry out for help．Remember that danger is never as far away as you think．Take care of yourself at all times!

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　　If you want to work more on writing, we suggest(建议)that you read throngh the passage below．That will help you learn how to improve your writing．

　　Choosing a Writing Topic(题目，话题)

　　Your teacher and your group members may help you choose a topic sometimes．We suggest that you try if possible to choose or make up a topic that is interesting to you because it will be easier for you to write about something you are interested in．

　　Getting Started

　　Once you have chosen a topic, you have to get started writing．Getting started is the hardest part of writing for most people．However, there are ways of making this job easier, and we would like to introduce you some of these techniques(技巧)at this time．

　　Brainstorming helps you get ideas for your writing．Here is how to do it．First, take a pen and piece of paper and write down your topic on it．Read your topic over a few times to yourself．Then let your mind go freely．And then write down any ideas that come to your mind．Now let’s suppose your topic is blue jeans．Please do as suggested．

　　blue jeans　　youth/young people　　clothing

　　freedom　　comfortable　　enjoyable

　　Listing is useful for exploring something where you are trying to look at two sides of a subject, the advantages(good points)and disadvantages(bad points)of something, reasons for doing and not doing something．

　　Another useful technique is mapping．You start by writing your topic in the center of your page in a box．And then as you brainstorm for ideas, you write your ideas around the topic．As you write one idea down, you may think of another idea related to(与……有关的)it, so you could write this second idea close to the first one．Mapping can be useful for helping you see relationship between ideas and also showing important events in relation to each other．Here are two examples of mapping．

　　Another way to get started and to explore your ideas on a topic is to do some free－writing at the beginning．You can do free－writing after or in place of brainstorming．You write for 10～15 minutes about your topic．You should write anything that comes into your mind．Keep on writing even if nothing comes into your mind．When you free－write, don’t think about grammar, spelling, or punctuation(标点)．Just write!And don’t stop writing until your time is up．After you finish, read over what you have written．Draw a line under anything that seems interesting to you．You can free－write again beginning with the part you underlined．You can free－write several times．Each time you bring your ideas more and more closely to your topic．

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