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Saying no starts small
“All right then — just one more piece...” Words every girl has said when they are faced with the delicious cheesecake. Of course, many of us know we may eat the whole thing in the end.
It isn’t just girls. Most of us find it hard to say “no” to something attractive. However, scientists now say that willpower is very important to success and a happy life.
Scientists in different countries have been studying the effects of willpower on people’s lives for a long time. The results are similar, according to an article on February 7 in the Guardian, a famous British newspaper.
In one experiment, scientists told young children that they could either have a marshmallow (圆形软糖) now, or two marshmallows in 15 minutes. Waiting obviously needed more willpower. Scientists then continued studying the children as they grew up. They wanted to see if some children always had stronger willpower. They also wanted to see how having stronger willpower affected their lives.
Years later, scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier, happier and richer adults. Oppositely, the children who had shown weaker willpower at that young age were more likely to be in low-paid jobs, to be overweight, to have social problems.
But there is hope, Roy F Baumeister, an American social psychology(心理学) professor (教授) told the Guardian. Baumeister says we can train our willpower just like we train our muscles(肌肉). Even a little practice can strengthen(加强) our overall self-control if we do it regularly.
You could start by making yourself stand up straight, speaking in complete sentences, or using a computer mouse with the other hand. Scientists have found that people who manage to change little habits often perform much better in laboratory willpower tests.
Like muscles, willpower can “get tired”. Don’t try to do too many things at the same time, or when you don’t have enough energy, for example when you are ill. If you already feel tired, you can try to recharge(恢复) your willpower with a good night’s sleep and by eating well.
【小题1】The example of a girl eating cheesecake is used to

A.prove that girls have weak willpower
B.introduce the topic of willpower to the readers
C.show that cheesecake is especially attractive to girls
D.show the connection between willpower and success
【小题2】What can we infer from the experiment?
A.The scientists had already known the results before the experiment.
B.It showed that willpower is the most important to success and a happy life.
C.The children who chose to wait were more likely to be successful in their lives.
D.The children who chose only one marshmallow at first had stronger willpower.
【小题3】Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the training of willpower?
A.You should have a goal every day.
B.Good rest and proper diet can help.
C.Willpower needs to be exercised regularly.
D.Keep willpower from being used too much.
【小题4】What is the article mainly about?
A.How willpower and muscles are similar and how they can be trained.
B.How willpower affects people’s lives and how it is similar to muscles.
C.How willpower is important to success and how we can make it stronger.
D.How willpower is connected with success and how they affect each other

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Chinese space trainer Wang Yuan has been chosen as one of the volunteers for the Mars-500 test project. He was very happy to be chosen and will accept the meaningful challenge(挑战) Another five volunteers are all space lovers., including three Russians, an Italy-Colombian and a Frenchman. They are about to feel what it’s like to travel to Mars, only without leaving the earth. They are locked up together for a year and a half under a similar condition to the red planet during the whole process. So the experiment is called Mars-500.

When reporters asked what they would miss most during the 520-day special life, French trainer Charles said:”For me, it will be mainly my family, the sun and fresh air.”

The Mars-500 test will be in a special building in Moscow, Russia. Although the people won’t leave the building, they will fell as if they are on a real trip to the Mars. The most difficult thing will be to be separated(分离) from the people that they used to live with. The trainer won’t see sunsets, sunrises, won’t feel rain for 18 months. That will be hard.

The main task is to study the “Man and environment”. It’ll care about the astronauts’ getting experience and physical effects. The 520-day-test is divided into three parts,the first 250days to Mars, the middle 30days of landing on Mars, the last 240 days to return to the earth. Everyone will stay there alone for a long time and will work lonely. They will have to make decisions themselves and only then report to the earth, and the earth will tell them whether they do the right thing or not.

Each astronaut is preparing for the great challenge. It is learned that they will be launched(发射)early in June. And the experiment will end in November 2011.

1. _______ members were chosen as volunteers.

A.Five              B.Six               C.Three            D.Four

2. The most difficult thing for the trainers is ______.

A.no vegetables to eat

B.they can’t watch TV

C.they can’t see many people

D.they must lie all day

3. Mars-500 test will be done in ______

A.Moscow                              B.a red planet

C.November                             D.Xichang

4. It will take trainers _______ days to land on Mars.

A.250              B.30               C.240              D.520

5. Which sentence is NOT true about the 520-day-test?

A.The trainers won’t see rain or snow

B.The experiment will begin in June.

C.Trainers are all astronauts.

D.Trainers will report to the earth.

 

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