Passage Thirteen (The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II)

The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.

American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.

1.One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was

A.the burning of the Reichstag.

B.German plans for conquest.

C.Nazi barbarism.

D.the persecution of religious groups.

2.The Lend-Lease Act was designed to

A.help the British.

B.strengthen the national defense of the United States.

C.promote the Atlantic Charter.

D.avenge Pearl Harbor.

3.American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being

A.watchful.

B.isolationist.

C.peaceful.

D.indifferent.

4.The Neutrality Act of 1939

A.permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations.

B.antagonized Japan.

C.permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.

D.led to Lend-Lease Act.

5.We entered the war against Germany

A.because Germany declared war.

B.because Japan was an ally of Germany.

C.after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.

D.after peaceful efforts had failed.

Information technology is taught in most schools in our country, ________ we have entered the information society.

A. so             B. while             C. but                        D. for

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（每小题1分，共5分）

W：Hi, John.    

M：Hi,  Mary.  I've been studying a lot for my final exam.

W：Well.             

M：Yes.  My brother is coming for a visit this winter helically and we'd like to see some

     of the country.      

W：      

M：Camping? I have never done that.       .

W：I think you'll like it.  It's much cheaper than staying at a hotel.  And being close to nature is a good way to forget about our school for a while.

M：  We can go by bike until we find a nice place and just camp.

A．You should do that.

B．What a good idea.!

C．But traveling is so expensive.

D．Have you thought of camping?

E．There are many beautiful sceneries.

F．I haven't seen you for a few weeks.

G．The term is almost over now.

In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbors.

The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants. Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors.     

It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They had to move back to an apartment in New York City.

    Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.

    People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Joneses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.

60. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ______.

   A. want to be as rich as their neighbors

   B. want others to know or to think that they are rich

   C. don’t want others to know they are rich

   D. want to be happy

61. It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ________.

   A. live outside New York City            B. live in New York City

   C. live in apartments                         D. live with many neighbors

62. What’s the author’s attitude to keeping up with the Joneses?

     A. Negative.                                                   B. Positive.           

C. Supportive.                                                       D. Objective.

Volunteers, as an essential part of a successful world exposition, are a major channel for the public to participate in, serve and share the world exposition and a means to showcase the image of the host country and city. The following information is about the volunteer for the World Exposition 2010 Shanghai China.

I. Basic Requirements for Volunteers

Be willing to participate in voluntary services of Expo 2010;

Age limit: Expo Site volunteers must be born before April 30, 1992 and Expo City Voluntary Service Station volunteers before April 30, 1994;

Obey the laws and regulations of the PRC;

Be able to participate in training and relevant activities before the opening of Expo 2010;

Possess necessary knowledge and skills needed by the position;

Be in good health to meet the requirements of corresponding voluntary positions.

II. Further Information for Volunteers

Source

Residents of Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese, and foreigners can all apply to be the volunteers.

Signup methods

Applicants may log in onto the official websites for online signup. They may also consult or connect with the Expo Volunteer Stations.

Time

May 1 – December 31, 2009

III. Volunteer Training

　　Volunteer training includes general training, special training and position training. General training is carried out through the Internet, while special training and position training are provided through classroom lectures and field practice.

IV. Volunteer Types

Expo Site volunteers refer to those offering voluntary services to visitors and the Organizer in the Expo Site, mainly including information, visitor flow management, reception, translation and interpretation, assistance for the disabled, and assistance in media service, event and conference organization and volunteer management.

Information booth volunteers are stationed in the Expo’s information booths at key transportation centers, commercial outlets, tourist attractions, restaurants, hotels and cultural event places outside the Expo Site. They offer services including information, translation, interpretation and even first aid.

What’s the purpose of this writing?

A. To give some basic information of the World Expo 2010             

B. To recruit(招募) the volunteers for the World Expo 2010

C. To praise the hard work of the volunteers

D. To attract people to visit the World Expo 2010

If you were born in April 1993, where can you be a volunteer?

A. In the Expo Site.             B. In the host country.

C. In the Expo City.             D. In Chinese mainland.

Which of the training will be done on the Internet?

A. General training.              B. Position training.

C. Classroom training.          D. Special training.      

Which of the following service is offered by information booth volunteers?

A. Visitor flow management. B. Helping the disabled.

C. Assistance in media service.      D. Emergency first aid.