题目内容

Passage Thirteen (The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II)

The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.

American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.

1.One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was

A.the burning of the Reichstag.

B.German plans for conquest.

C.Nazi barbarism.

D.the persecution of religious groups.

2.The Lend-Lease Act was designed to

A.help the British.

B.strengthen the national defense of the United States.

C.promote the Atlantic Charter.

D.avenge Pearl Harbor.

3.American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being

A.watchful.

B.isolationist.

C.peaceful.

D.indifferent.

4.The Neutrality Act of 1939

A.permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations.

B.antagonized Japan.

C.permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.

D.led to Lend-Lease Act.

5.We entered the war against Germany

A.because Germany declared war.

B.because Japan was an ally of Germany.

C.after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.

D.after peaceful efforts had failed.

1--5          ABBAA  


解析:

文章讲述了第三帝国成立,美国由中立到宣战的一段历史。采用按年代先后进行叙述的写作手法。文章一开始就点明主题:“第三帝国的成立影响了美国历史,从一系列事情开始,最终导致德国和美国交战。”

1.A帝国大厦焚毁,众所周知,这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋,旨在迫害德国共产党。

B. 德国征服计划。C. 纳粹之残暴。D. 迫害宗教团体。在文中都提到。见第一段第二句“民主的全面摧毁、对犹太人的迫害、摧残宗教、纳粹的残忍和野蛮,特别是德国及其盟国意、日、征服世界的计划激起美国极大愤怒,也带来了对又一次世界大战的恐惧。”

2.B 加强美国国防。见第二段导数第五句“1941年的租借法规定:总统对他认为保卫美国所需要的国家有权卖给、交换或借给他们物资。”

A. 帮助英国,不对。C. 促进大西洋公约。大西洋公约是1941年8月,罗斯福和邱吉尔会面后的联合公告。D. 报复珍珠港。是1941年日本发起袭击的报复。

3.B 与世隔绝。这在第一段第三句“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶残等事,他们一般还是喜欢孤立(与世隔绝的)政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定:禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”

A. 观察的。C. 和平的。D. 不正确的。

4.A 允许把武器卖给交战国。答案在第二段第六句“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运,允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”

B. 和日本敌对。C. 允许英国只能和其盟国贸易。D. 导致租借条约。

5.A 因为德国宣战。这在第一段已有说明。尽管希特勒坏事做尽,美国还是倾向于中立政策。第二段罗斯福在芝加哥的演讲,态度稍有改变。严厉批评希特勒的政策,但仍然以中立为主。1941年日本袭击珍珠港,不久德国宣战,美国才不得不参战。

练习册系列答案
相关题目

In the modern world more and more people meet the problem of identity.The most interesting example is that of a so – called “banana”, which refers to an American who has an Asian face but holds Western values.
In Shanghai, there now live a group of people from abroad.They look no different from the locals and speak fluent Chinese or even Shanghai dialect, but when it comes to writing Chinese characters, they are almost illiterate(文盲).Jack is such an example.He never learned to read or write Chinese characters, which he finds mysterious and difficult.From time to time, he files to the US as he does not feel Shanghai is where he comes from.“But when I am in the States, I feel that’s not my home either,” he said.
At De Gaulle Airport in France, there is a Swiss man who has been living in the waiting – room for a long time because he lost h is passport during his travels.He was refused entry into several countries.But when he was eventually allowed to return to Swizerland, he refused to leave the airport.His reason was very simple—“I am sure who I am.I need no acknowledgement from others,” he said during an interview.For th is reason  he was honored by the Western media as “the Hero of identity.”
As the Internet becomes more and more popular, the problem of identity becomes more serious.In a virtual world, people can have different addresses registered with different names.In the Internet chat room, even one’s gender(性别) is hard to determine.It seems that in the glohal village, people are saying hello every day to each other without knowing whom they are talking to.
What will be the next crisis(危机) of identity? With the development of cloning technology, it might be: who is the real “I”?
【小题1】What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.The importance of identity.
B.The crisis of identity.
C.Differences between Eastern and Western cultures.
D.Difficulty in living in foreign counties.
【小题2】The Swiss man had to live in De Gaulle Airport in France because      
A.he needed to board a plane at any time
B.he couldn’t afford to live in a hotel
C.he needed others acknowledgement
D.he couldn’t prove who he was
65.A “banana” in the passage is in fact an     
A.American traveling to Asia   B.American keeping Eastern culture
C.American born in Asia    D.America – born Asian
【小题3】We can infer from the passage that the author believes      
A.there will be more problems relating to identity in the future
B.Internet technology helps solve problems of identity
C.only people traveling abroad have problems of identity
D.people don’t need to worry about identity

As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.
The 19 th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.
So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.
The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.
【小题1】What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

A.Small towns along the railways became abandoned.
B.Land in the West was hard to manage.
C.Some railroad stops remained underused.
D.Land grants went into private hands.
【小题2】What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?
A.The use of money and power.
B.The transmission of power.
C.The conservation of solar energy.
D.The selection of an ideal place.
【小题3】What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?
A.Disapproving.B.Approving.C.Doubtful.D.Cautious.
【小题4】Which is the best title for the passage?
A.How the Railways Have Affected the West
B.How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced
C.How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West
D.How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

Obama Still Smokes in Secret

US President Barack Obama has just made life more difficult for cigarette makers. He has just signed a law that will set tough new rules for the tobacco industry. The new law gives the US Food and Drug Administration the power to strictly limit the making and marketing of tobacco products.

At a White House signing ceremony Monday, Obama said that he was among the nearly 90% of smokers who took up the habit before their 18 th birthday.

Obama, who has publicly struggled to give up smoking, said he still hadn’t completely kicked the habit. Every now and then he still smokes in secret.

“As a former smoker I struggle with it all the time. Do I still smoke sometimes? Yes. Am I a daily smoker, a constant smoker? No.” Obama said at a news conference.

“I don' t do it in front of my lads.I don ?t do it in front of my family.I would say that I am 95% cured, but there are times when I mess up, " he said.

"Once you go down this path, it' s something you continually struggle with, which is exactly why the law is so important.The new law is not about me, it' s about the next generation of kids coming up.What we don ' t want is kids going down that path," he said.

         Nearly 20% of Americans smoke and tobacco use kills about 440,000 people a year in the United States due to cancer, heart disease, and other serious diseases.

1.The new law makes life difficult for              .

A.Obama

B.tobacco industry

C.White House

D.US Food and Drug Administration

2.What do we know about Obama?

A.He no longer smokes

B.He still smokes as usual

C.He began to smoke at eighteen

D.He is trying hard to give up smoking

3.According to the passage, Obama is most concerned about           

A.children       B.officials

C.his family        D.businessmen

 

Obama Still Smokes in Secret

US President Barack Obama has just made life more difficult for cigarette makers.He has just signed a law that will set tough new rules for the tobacco industry.The new law gives the US Food and Drug Administration the power to strictly limit the making and marketing of tobacco products.

At a White House signing ceremony Monday, Obama said that he was among the nearly 90% of smokers who took up the habit before their 18 th birthday.

Obama, who has publicly struggled to give up smoking, said he still hadn’t completely kicked the habit.Every now and then he still smokes in secret.

“As a former smoker I struggle with it all the time.Do I still smoke sometimes? Yes.Am I a daily smoker, a constant smoker? No.” Obama said at a news conference.

“I don' t do it in front of my lads.I don’t do it in front of my family.I would say that I am 95% cured, but there are times when I mess up, " he said.

"Once you go down this path, it' s something you continually struggle with, which is exactly why the law is so important.The new law is not about me, it' s about the next generation of kids coming up.What we don ' t want is kids going down that path," he said.

Nearly 20% of Americans smoke and tobacco use kills about 440,000 people a year in the United States due to cancer, heart disease, and other serious diseases.

1.The new law makes life difficult for             .

A.Obama                               B.tobacco industry

C.White House                           D.US Food and Drug Administration

2.What do we know about Obama?

A.He no longer smokes.

B.He still smokes as usual.

C.He began to smoke at eighteen.

D.He is trying hard to give up smoking.

3.According to the passage, Obama is most concerned about           .

A.children          B.officials           C.his family          D.businessmen

 

It is "one of the few bright spots in the Chinese economy," says Zeng Ming. He is talking about e-commerce. Mr Zeng, the chief strategy officer for Alibaba, a giant Chinese Internet firm, predicts that digital transactions on his firm's platforms will top l trillion yuan ($159 billion) this year-more than Amazon's and eBay's combined. That is a bold claim, but consider what happened on Singles Sunday.

Invented a few years ago by students and seized upon by digital marketers, this festival for lonely hearts falls annually on the  llth day of the llth month (since l is the loneliest number).It is like St Valentine's Day, only worse. Singletons shower each other with tender gifts: a barrage of pearls; a storm of sweets.

This November llth they spent a surprising 19 billion yuan on Alibaba's online platforms-a fourfold increase on a year ago, and more than double what Americans spent online last Cyber Monday (the Monday after Thanksgiving, when retailers urge Americans to shop online). About 100m purchases were logged, accounting for 80% of the packages shipped that day. Couriers(怏递员) were buried in parcels.

So life is good for China's e-tailers, then? Not exactly. The number of digital marketers is increasing and online sales are booming. Consumers are enjoying lower prices, better service and more variety. The problem? The pressure on profits in Chinese e-commerce is worse than in America, reckons Elinor Leung of CLSA, a broker. "Almost no one makes money," she says.

The fiercest battles are being fought between online retailers and their bricks-and-mortar(实体的) rivals.Dangdang, a firm. that resembles Amazon,.and 360buy, another online retailer, have cut prices fiercely. Tencent, a cash-rich online giant known for its instant-messaging software, is splashing out to win market share. 360buy has also just raised $400m from investors to do the same. But it is unclear how much longer such firms can burn through capital.

1.What's the best title of this passage?

A.The Ambition of Alibaba

B.Fierce Competition between Retailers

C.A Newly Sprung Festival for the Singles

D.Chinese Booming and Developing E-commerce

2.According to Zeng Ming, this year Alibaba will        .

A.outweigh Amazon and eBay in worldwide influence

B.rank top among all the Internet firms

C.have more than 159 billion dollars' sale

D.create another sales miracle just like the one on Singles Day

3.How many packages were shipped on November ll th from Alibaba's online platforms?

A.About 80 million.                      B.About 100 million.

C.About 125 million.                     D.About 180 million.

4.What's the author's attitude towards online retailers in China?

A.Optimistic.                           B.Concerned.

C.Sympathetic.                         D.Indifferent.

 

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网