B

Particles from car exhausts generate more persistent clouds but less rain, new research suggests. Furthermore, putting more of these particles into the atmosphere reduces the low-level winds, which could reduce the amount of wind power available in very polluted regions. The dry but populated regions may therefore suffer a triple blow as a result of vehicle pollution：less water, less hydropower and less wind energy.

Scientists studied the effects of aerosol（浮质）pollution from cars and industry. They correlated satellite data on wind speeds and the amount of aerosol particles in the atmosphere above the South Coast Basin in California and above China. Results showed that higher concentrations of aerosols were closely associated with slower ground winds. Scientists then used computer models to support the idea that there was a cause and effect relationship behind this correlation.

Particles floating in the atmosphere block energy from the Sun, preventing it from warming the surface of the Earth. Cooler surface temperatures during the day means the low—level and slow moving air does not rise up and mix with the faster winds at higher altitudes. Slower winds also induce less evaporation from oceans, rivers and lakes. And finally, once clouds have formed, they store less moisture in the form of rain. This is because raindrops form around small particles— dust, for instance, or pollution. With more particles in the atmosphere, it takes longer for enough water to condense（凝结）onto a particle to form a raindrop. And if the cloud of fine droplets（小滴）moves to a drier area before its would-be rain can rail, the moisture evaporates once more and the cloud disappears.

Scientists note their new work does not contradict previous findings that suggest global warming might lead to more tropical storms, because there is far less particulate（微粒的）pollution over the oceans.

60. The first paragraph mainly talks about        .

A. the results of vehicle pollution

B. an introduction to particles from car exhausts

C. less wind energy in polluted regions

D. less water caused by vehicle pollution

61. From this passage we can learn that        .

A. scientists supported their idea by using material models

B. the new study is contrary to the previous findings

C. if there are more particles in the atmosphere, there will be more raindrops

D. there is a cause and effect relationship between wind speeds and particle pollution

62. The underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean       _ .

A. reduce         B. persuade           C. cause             D. produce

63. What’s the best title for the passage?

A. Pollution and Global Warming          B. Car, Wind and Rain

C. Industry Pollution                    D. How Rain Forms

Would you please listen? It’s a complaint we’ve all heard (though perhaps not listened to). The price paid for not listening can be high: from making a mess of a task to broken relationships. “Frustrated, devalued, and disrespected—that’s how people feel when they’re ‘heard’ but not ‘listened to’,” says Jennie Grau, president of communications training and coaching firm Taliaferro Grau Associates. Yet focusing attention and understanding—the qualities that make physically hearing different from actually listening—can be hard to develop.

Learn to truly understand others, and you’ll improve your personal and professional skill sets alike. Business is all about relationships, and being a better listener helps you establish more positive relationships, says Rockhurst University communications professor Laura Janusik.

The first step is to limit anything that draws your attention away. Give up multi-tasking, and focus on what the speaker’s saying. If the moment simply doesn’t allow you to pay full attention, set up an alternative time when you will be able to concentrate.

Next, stop interrupting. Always want to jump in before the other person finishes speaking? Control yourself like this: Press your fingers firmly, count to five, and re-evaluate whether it’s time to talk. Be aware of the subjects or words that influence your emotions—both positive and negative—and calm down before responding.

Finally, listen between the lines. If you hear only the words without paying attention to the speaker’s tone of voice, facial expression, and body language, you risk missing hidden meanings or important signals. Confirm you’ve “gotten” the message. Transform what others said into a few words of your own.

And when it’s your turn to speak, know you’ve provided a model for how you hope your words will be received.

63. What’s the difference between hearing and listening according to the passage? (No more than 14 words)

_________________________________________________________________________

64. What does the author mean by saying “listen between the lines” in Paragraph 5? (No more than 8 words)

__________________________________________________________________________

65. What’s the best title for the passage? (No more than 8 words)

__________________________________________________________________________

    Eight years ago, my wife and I created the Wish You Well Foundation. Since its start, we’ve funded literacy(读写能力)programs in more than 30 states. We’ve heard unbelievable stories of determination and perseverance(毅力). In Pittsburgh, I met a 30-year-old man who tearfully related how he’d finally learned to read so he could help support his family. In Connecticut, a woman shared her story of finally learning how to read at 50 so she could be able to read to her grandchildren.

    We’ve also started a program called Feeding Body & Mind, operated jointly with Feeding America, which is the distributor for most of the nation’s food banks. The program collects books, then ships them to food banks around the country. That way people go home with food, which they need to live, as well as with books, which they need to change their lives.

    “The program seeks to address the connection between literacy, poverty, and hunger, ”explains Ross Fraser of Feeding America. “Anyone who lacks basic literacy skills will have a very difficult time finding employment that provides a living wage, making them destined(注定) for a lifetime of poverty. Our food banks have a saying, ‘A child who is hungry and cannot learn becomes an adult who cannot earn. ’”

    All of us can join in the fight against illiteracy. Become aware of the literacy rates in your state and county by going to the website at nces. ed. gov/naal, which shows this data. Send a letter to your representatives in Congress asking for increased funds and action. Reach out to local libraries and literacy organizations to learn about becoming a tutor and other volunteering opportunities.

    There is no greater gift than teaching someone to read. With that one skill, you help develop someone’s potential and make it as varied and endless as the stories still waiting to be told.

60. The underlined word “related” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_______”.

A. made a connection

B. learned by heart

C. brought back to one’s mind

D. told a story

61. From Paragraph 2, we can know that _______.

A. books are transported by bus

B. books can change people’s lives

C. Feeding Body & Mind produces food

D. Feeding Body & Mind publishes books

62. From the passage we can know literacy skills have an effect on _______ .

A. finding jobs

B. making friends

C. practicing determination

D. learning skills

63. What’s the purpose of the passage?

A. To call on more people to fight against illiteracy.

B. To encourage more people to visit a website.

C. To call on more people to donate books.

D. To inspire students to read more books.

Poetry is an interesting form of writing. It is very free, has few restrictions and can be a great way to express feelings. Writing a poem is all about observing the world within you or around you.

To write a poem, first you should begin with an idea or inspiration(灵感). Inspiration may come at any time unexpectedly. It may be a specific person, place or thing that causes some sort of strong emotion. It may be more of an abstract idea or release of emotion.

After getting the idea, you can write down everything that comes to mind. Don’t think much and let all feelings pour out. Remember everything can be thrown out later.

Then you can think about its form and begin to organize thoughts. Poetry comes in any forms, from epic (叙事的) poetry that has a story to dramatic poetry intended to be performed. Try them all out. One will come naturally. Maybe different poems fit different forms. When you write a poem, think about both meter (韵律) and rhythm carefully, which are equally important in poetry. Meter is the fixed pattern of the poem, while rhythm refers to the sound when it is spoken. It is also important to use a lot of descriptive words. Create imagery (意向) with words, trying to make them attractive to all the senses. For auditory (听觉的) interest, try repeating of similar sounds in a sentence or phrase. All of this adds life and interest to a poem.

After you finish your work, don’t be afraid to share your work with others. When others point out your weakness, accept and grow from it.

60. What does the underlined word “restriction” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

   A. Change        B. Order        C. Limitation      D. Organization

61. When you begin to write a poem, you should first _____.

   A. begin with some specific persons   B. come up with ideas

   C. describe a famous place           D. organize your thoughts

62. We can infer from the text that_________.

   A. writing poems needs imagination and the ability to use language well            

B. people can get more ideas if they often share their poems with others

C. people should first learn to write epic poetry, then dramatic poetry         

D. people need to write down every feeling they want to release at a time

63. What’s the purpose of the text?

   A. To tell readers how to write a poem.

B. To encourage more people to write poems.

C. To show what quality a good poem should have.   

D. To teach people how to appreciate poems.

There is a saying “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.” What one person considers beautiful may not be beautiful to another. When we talk about beauty in people, we often refer to their physical attractiveness. Of course, a beautiful or handsome face is pleasant to look at. But to me beauty is not only something that pleases the eyes.  but also pleases the other senses and the mind. I think true beauty makes you see beyond the lovely sight. It will give you insight (深刻的了解) or realization of something interesting beyond just the outward appearance.
The most memorable “beautiful people” are those who have attractive personalities behind the pretty faces. In one of my previous classes, there were two beautiful girls. Sue and Lin. Both had almost perfect faces and slender(纤细的) figures. But Lin was used to getting her own way. She felt that her looks could help her get anything she wanted, especially among the boys. Sue, on the other hand, treated her beauty in a matter of-fact way and she was nice to everyone. She was also a member of the debating team. Her personality was mostly accepted by others and it made her a more outstanding beauty than Lin.
Inner beauty is another kind of beauty that attracts people greatly. People who have this kind of beauty have attained(获得) inner peace. They care about their fellowmen, and try to right the injustices in this world, Two well-known personalities who exemplify this are Nelson Mandela and Mother Theresa.  Mandela is willing to sacrifice his life and freedom to obtain equal rights for the blacks in South Africa. Mother Theresa’s mission is to help the poorest of the world’s poor. This inner beauty makes the world a better place.
60. When we talk about beauty in people, we often refer to ________.
A. the beauty of eyes                             B. something beyond the lovely sight
C. something that pleases our eyes           D. inner beauty
61. What does the underlined sentence “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder” mean?
A. Beauty is a matter of a person’s taste and judgement.
B. Beautiful people are very popular.
C. Everybody hopes for beauty.
D. Beauty attracts people’ s eyes.
62. According to the passage, why did the author think Sue was more beautiful than Lin?
A. Sue had a perfect face                      B. Sue had a good character.
C. Sue became more and more slender.     D. Lin treated her beauty in a matter-of-fact way.
63. What’s the author’s opinion on beauty?
A. Beauty is a perfect face and a slender figure.
B. Beauty is something that pleases the eyes.
C. Beauty is an attractive personality behind the pretty faces.
D. Inner beauty doesn’t attract people.