Experts say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” is the term specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. “There are three stages of culture shock,” say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.

　　There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems---the telephone, post office, or transportation---may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.

　　Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity.

　　They have to build a new self-image.

　　Culture shock gives rises to a feeling of disorientation (迷惘). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create and escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock. 

1. When people move to a new country, they _________.

A. will get used to their new surroundings with difficulty

B. have well prepared for the new surroundings

C. will get used to the culture of the country quickly

D. will never be familiar with culture of the country

2.According to the passage, factors that give rise to culture shock include all of the following except __________.

A. language communication              B. weather conditions and customs

C. public service systems                D. homesickness 

3.When people are homesick, they tend to ________.

A. find some people to talk to             B. go outside to have a walk [来源:Z#xx#k.Com]

C. visit their friends far away             D. stay indoors all the time

4.The writer tells us that the best way to overcome culture shock is to _______.

A. protect ourselves from unfamiliar environment    B. develop a strange sense of self-protection

C. get familiar with new culture                  D. return to our own country

完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

Michel is a young girl who works for the police  16  a handwriting expert. She has helped 17  many criminals(罪犯) by using her special talents (天才).

　　When she was fourteen, Michel was already  18   interested in the differences in her friends'  19  that she would spend hours  20  them. After  21  college she went to France for a   22  two-year class in handwriting at the School of Police Science.

　　Michel says that it is  23   for people at hide their handwriting. She can discover  24  of what she needs to know simply  25  looking at the writing with her own eyes,  26   she also has machines   27  help her make  28  different kinds of paper and ink. This knowledge is often  29  great help to the police.

　　Michel believes that handwriting is a good  30  of what kind of person the  31  is. "I wouldn't go out with a fellow  32  I didn't like his handwriting. " She says. But she  33  she fell in love with her future husband, a young policeman  34  she studied his handwriting. It is later proved to be  35  , however.

　A. with 　　　　B. by 　　　        C. like 　　    D. as

　A. search　　 　B. follow 　　   C. catch 　　  D. extra

　A. so　　　　　 B. too 　　　　 C. quite 　　   D. extra

　A. books　　 B. letter　　　     C. tongues 　  D. handwriting

　A.writing 　　　B. studying　        C. settling 　 D. uncovering

　A.attending　　     B. finishing    C. starting D. stepping into

　A. powerful 　　B. natural 　　 C. special　  　    D. common

　 A.main 　　　   B. safe 　　　  C. easy 　      D.impossible

　A. most 　　　   B. nothing　　  C. little 　　      D. sight

　A. with 　　　   B. by 　　　　 C. of　　　     D. about

　A. so 　　　　   B. for 　　　　     C. thus 　　 　 D. but

　A. they 　　　  B. in which 　      C. that 　　  　    D. those

　A. up 　　　　 B. out 　　　　   C. for 　　  　 D. into

　A. of 　　　　 B. to　　　　 　  C. with 　　　 D. for

　A. test 　　　  B. sign(标记)　 C. means 　 　  D. habit

A. thief 　　 　B. criminal　  　  C. writer 　　 D. policeman

　A. whether 　　B. unless 　　    C. if 　　　　 D. after

A. adds 　　　    B. tells 　　　     C. repeats 　  D. cries

　A. before 　 　 B. after 　　 　 C. shyly 　　       D. and

　A.necessary　 　B. all right     C.important 　  D. quite easy

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one example. Another  is  the  rise  of despots(独裁者) like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes come from experiences. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was  indirect  and  cumulative(累积的). The Nazis got certain ideas largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
　 The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a key position to influence(影响) attitudes. This is true partly because children obtain attitudes from those adults who they respect.
　 Another reason is that pupils are often curious about a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who has previously got little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of dealing with such a unit will greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
　　However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to change their feelings by praising or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain good experiences.
For example, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably change their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research outside reading and all-day trips.
　　Finally a teacher must not constantly show her own attitudes because her influence can be no good if she has personal prejudices(偏见). This is especially true in respect to controversial(引起争议的) questions  on  which  children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis(分析) of all the facts.
【小题1】. The passage mainly tells us _____.

A．attitudes affect our actions

B．teachers play an important role in developing children’s attitudes

C．attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences

D．teachers gradually affect pupils’ attitudes by their attitudes

E
In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. Now this is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during of the birth a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.
　　Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we send them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit patients— even when those patients are their parents. This deprives（剥夺）the dying patient of family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience.
　　Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed about 500 in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
　　It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients’ communication in order to truly understand their needs, fears and fantasies. Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their reat need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to deal with the coming of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance before death.
82.The elders of today's Americans________ .
　　A. are often absent when a family member is born or dying
　　B. usually see the birth or death of a family member　　
C. are unfamiliar with birth and death
　　D. have often experienced the fear of death as part of life
83.Children in America are deprived of the chance to________.
　　A. visit a patient at hospital　　　　                             B. visit their family members
　　C. look after the patients　　　　                                          D. learn how to face death　
84.The need of a dying patient for people to accompany him shows________.
　　A. his wish for communication with other people　　             
B. his fear of death
　　C. his unwillingness to die                    　     
D. he feels very upset about his condition
85.It may be concluded from the passage that________.
　　A. dying patients should be truthfully informed of their condition
　　B. dying patients are afraid of being told of the coming of death
　　C. most patients are unable to accept death until it can’t be avoided
D. dying patients are not likely to be informed about their condition         

Department stores sell ready- to-wear clothing, which is also called ready-made clothing. Such clothing is made in fixed sizes. Those people who find that ready-made clothing fits them well can save money by buying it. Most often, people do not fit exactly into a producer’s size. Their clothing must be altered to make it fit better. However, most alterations are not very expensive. The small cost of most alterations means that ready-made clothing can meet the needs of most customers.

Those who can afford it often get someone to design and make their clothing. Such clothing is called custom-made. The person who makes it measures the customer, and then sews it so that it fits perfectly. Alterations are not needed. Custom-made clothing is largely sewn by hand, has better quality, better material, and is of the style you have chosen. Of course, it costs much more than ready-to-wear clothing. You need to pay the difference for the special fitting and better skill that you are receiving. This often means that you spend double or more than you would for a ready-made garment.

Custom-made clothing is not always that much better than ready-made clothing. It costs more partly because only one garment has been made, just for you. Companies that produce ready-made products make thousands of garments at a time. This means they can buy large quantities of material. Workers cut each size by the hundreds. Companies work out ways to make the garments quickly by machine and pay workers according to their skill. Thus they can sell the finished products at a low price while still making money. Most of the clothing sold in the United States is made in this way. Customers gain from the lower prices which are made possible by mass production. It may or may not give them high quality.

1. According to the passage, people who buy ready-made clothing ______.

　　A. wish to make alternations        B. will spend less money

　　C. want to make it better           D. can fit into the sizes