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From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind‘s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.
Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibility C.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all
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Next, the test taker should read the directions 8 the questions or items carefully to be sure of 9 they say. The student should not assume anything, 10 should read the entire question or item before 11 a response. The very last word in an item can be a(n) 12 word.
If the test taker finds an item 13 which the answer is not known, it may be advisable to 14 it blank and go on with the test. A 15 look at the item at a later time may 16 the student to choose the correct response. 17 is a difference of opinion among testing authorities 18 the wisdom of changing a response, 19 it is marked. Some research indicates that the first 20 is more likely to be correct.
1. A. While B. Though C. If D. As
2. A. try B. item C. test D. effort
3. A. at B. for C. to D. over
4. A. to B. in C. over D. on
5. A. thus B. yet C. so D. ever
6. A. done B. set C. concerned D. called
7. A. roughly B. immediately C. later D. merely
8. A. but B. or C. and D. for
9. A. what B. whom C. which D. when
10. A. or 3 B. but C. and D. then
11. A. revealing B. reaching C. making D. selecting
12. A. essential B. key C. puzzling D. appropriate
13. A. to B. on C. by D. from
14. A. put B. leave C. have D. free
15. A. careful B. fresh C. simple D. heavy
16. A. let B. ask C. help D. force
17. A. That B. It C. There D. Such
18. A. gaining B. dealing C. concerning D. requiring
19. A. once B. since C. before D. unless
20. A. response B. sight C. impression D. job
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At the outset, it is important to find out if, when the test is scored, there will be a penalty for guessing. 1 not, the student may well attempt every 2 It is also a good idea to look 3 the entire test before starting to answer any questions 4 it. This will help the student to budget the time, 5 keeping within the time limit (if one is 6 ). The student can select easy sections to get started on 7.
Next, the test taker should read the directions 8 the questions or items carefully to be sure of 9 they say. The student should not assume anything, 10 should read the entire question or item before 11 a response. The very last word in an item can be a(n) 12 word.
If the test taker finds an item 13 which the answer is not known, it may be advisable to 14 it blank and go on with the test. A 15 look at the item at a later time may 16 the student to choose the correct response. 17 is a difference of opinion among testing authorities 18 the wisdom of changing a response, 19 it is marked. Some research indicates that the first 20 is more likely to be correct.
1. A. While B. Though C. If D. As
2. A. try B. item C. test D. effort
3. A. at B. for C. to D. over
4. A. to B. in C. over D. on
5. A. thus B. yet C. so D. ever
6. A. done B. set C. concerned D. called
7. A. roughly B. immediately C. later D. merely
8. A. but B. or C. and D. for
9. A. what B. whom C. which D. when
10. A. or B. but C. and D. then
11. A. revealing B. reaching C. making D. selecting
12. A. essential B. key C. puzzling D. appropriate
13. A. to B. on C. by D. from
14. A. put B. leave C. have D. free
15. A. careful B. fresh C. simple D. heavy
16. A. let B. ask C. help D. force
17. A. That B. It C. There D. Such
18. A. gaining B. dealing C. concerning D. requiring
19. A. once B. since C. before D. unless
20. A. response B. sight C. impression D. job
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Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to train its obedience. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to
pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
51. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _______.
A. be just part of their nature
B. worsen in modern society
C. occur when they go wild
D. present a threat to the community
52. The primary purpose of obedience training is to _______.
A. teach the dog to perform clever tricks
B. make the dog aware of its owner’s authority
C. provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior
D. enable the dog to regain its normal behavior
53. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______.
A. essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems
B. the foundation for dogs to perform tasks
C. a good way to teach the dog new tricks
D. an extreme measure in obedience training
54. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?
A. To avoid being punished.
B. To show their affection for their masters.
C. To win leadership of the dog pack.
D. To show their willingness to obey.
55. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______.
A. can give the dog more rewards
B. will enjoy a better family life
C. can give the dog more freedom
D. will have more confidence in himself
Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country, keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first- class roads, and other support facilities（配套设施）needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money.
Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists , jobs and money are lost.
Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection？
A. It is extremely important to develop tourism.
B. Building roads and hotels is essential.
C. Support facilities are highly necessary.
D. Planning is of great importance to tourism.
The underlined word“ inhabitants” （in Paragraph 1 ） probably means________.
A. tourists B. passengers
C. population D. citizens
Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT ________ .
A. a bad effect on other industries
B. a change of tourists’ customs
C. over - crowdedness of places of interest
D. pressure on traffic
It can be inferred from the text that ________ .
A. the author doesn’t like tourism developing so fast
B. local people will benefit from tourist attraction
C. other parts of a country’s economy won’t benefit from tourism much
D. we can't build too many support facilities
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