Pollution is reducing the fragrance（芬芳） of plants and thus preventing bees from pollinating(授粉) them—endangering one of the most essential cycles of nature, a new study suggests.
The potentially hugely significant research, funded by US National Science Foundation, has found that gases mainly formed from the emissions（排放） of cars prevent flowers from attracting bees and other insects to pollinate them. And the scientists who have conducted the study fear that insects’ abilities to drive away enemies and attract mates may also be disturbed.
Professor Jose Fuentes, who led the study, said, “Scent molecules(香味分子) produced by flowers in a less polluted environment could travel for roughly 1,000 to 1,200 meters. But today they may travel only 200 to 300 meters. This makes it increasingly difficult for bees and other insects to locate the flowers.”
The researchers, who worked on the molecules of snapdragons(金鱼草),found that the molecules are volatile(易挥发的) and quickly bond with pollutants, mainly formed from vehicle(车辆)emissions. This chemically changes the molecules so that they no longer smell like flowers. A harmful cycle is therefore set up where insects struggle to get enough food and the plants do not get pollinated enough to multiply.
Already bees, which pollinate most of the world’s crops, are in such a great decline that has never been known before in Britain and across much of the globe. At least a quarter of America’s 2.5 million honey bee colonies have been mysteriously wiped out by colony collapse disorder(CCD),where hives are found suddenly deserted.
The crisis(危机) has now spread to Europe. Politicians insist that CCD has not yet been found in Britain, but considering the present number of bees, the agriculture minister Lord Rooker has sent the warning, “The honey bee population could be wiped out in 10 years.”
Although the researchers are not certain whether this is the real cause of CCD, they say that pollution is making life more difficult for bees and other insects in many ways.
【小题1】 In what way does pollution prevent flowers from attracting bees?

Pollution is reducing the fragrance（芬芳） of plants and thus preventing bees from pollinating(授粉) them—endangering one of the most essential cycles of nature, a new study suggests.
The potentially hugely significant research, funded by US National Science Foundation, has found that gases mainly formed from the emissions（排放） of cars prevent flowers from attracting bees and other insects to pollinate them. And the scientists who have conducted the study fear that insects’ abilities to drive away enemies and attract mates may also be disturbed.
Professor Jose Fuentes, who led the study, said, “Scent molecules(香味分子) produced by flowers in a less polluted environment could travel for roughly 1,000 to 1,200 meters. But today they may travel only 200 to 300 meters. This makes it increasingly difficult for bees and other insects to locate the flowers.”
The researchers, who worked on the molecules of snapdragons(金鱼草),found that the molecules are volatile(易挥发的) and quickly bond with pollutants, mainly formed from vehicle(车辆)emissions. This chemically changes the molecules so that they no longer smell like flowers. A harmful cycle is therefore set up where insects struggle to get enough food and the plants do not get pollinated enough to multiply.
Already bees, which pollinate most of the world’s crops, are in such a great decline that has never been known before in Britain and across much of the globe. At least a quarter of America’s 2.5 million honey bee colonies have been mysteriously wiped out by colony collapse disorder(CCD),where hives are found suddenly deserted.
The crisis(危机) has now spread to Europe. Politicians insist that CCD has not yet been found in Britain, but considering the present number of bees, the agriculture minister Lord Rooker has sent the warning, “The honey bee population could be wiped out in 10 years.”
Although the researchers are not certain whether this is the real cause of CCD, they say that pollution is making life more difficult for bees and other insects in many ways

1. 1.

   In what way does pollution prevent flowers from attracting bees?

   1. A.
      By shortening the distance traveled by the scent molecules of flowers
   2. B.
      By disturbing the bees’ ability to attract mates
   3. C.
      By weakening the bees’ ability to fight against enemies
   4. D.
      By stopping flowers from giving off fragrance
2. 2.

   From the passage we can know that      

   1. A.
      Europe is affected greatly by CCD
   2. B.
      CCD has destroyed most of the honey bee colonies in Europe
   3. C.
      no honey bees will be found all over the world in the near future
   4. D.
      European officials have paid much attention to CCD
3. 3.

   What would be the best title for the passage?

   1. A.
      Traffic Pollution Puts Bees in Danger
   2. B.
      Traffic Pollution is to Blame for CCD
   3. C.
      Pollution Makes Flowers Lose Their Scent
   4. D.
      Pollution Causes the Decrease in Flowers

Pubs play an essential part in British people's lives. You could 　36 find a native who has never been to a pub. A pub can be easily found 　37 you are in a faraway area. The British are known as indifferent (冷漠) people. In the pub, however, people are 　38 together about weather, football, etc. and the 　39 is relaxing and cheerful.

You have to be 18 years old to 　40 a drink in a pub. Some pubs will allow people over 14 to go inside if they are 　41 by someone who is over 18. You have to go to the bar to buy yourself. So those who don't know the 　42 always have to wait a long time before realizing that they have to 　43 their own.

You are not 　44 to pay pub waiters in cash. The correct behavior is to 　45 them a drink. Pubs pride themselves on their egalitarian (主张人人平等的) atmosphere. A tip 　46 would be a reminder of their service role, whereas the offer of a drink is a friendly 　47 .

About 10 minutes 　48 closing time, the landlord will ring a bell and will tell people to order their 　49 drinks. The pub is not allowed to 　50 drinks after closing time. You must stop 　51 20 minutes after closing time; if you have not 　52 by this time, the pub landlord may ask you to leave.

Pubs offer the best 　53 for foreigners to understand British 　54 . That's why pubs are regarded as the 　55 of British culture. So if you have the opportunity to visit Britain, go to a pub.　　　　

36. A. never　　　　　　　　 B. hardly　　　　　　　　　　 C. sometimes　　　　 D. often　　

37. A. as if　　　　　　　　　 B. when　　　　　　　　　　　 C. even if　　　　　　　　　　 D. because　

38. A. chatting　　　　　　　　　　 B. drinking　　　　　　　　　 C. discussing　　　　 D. arguing　

39. A. life B. pub C. weather D. atmosphere

40. A. offer　　　　　　　　　 B. order　　　　　　　　　　　 C. charge　　　　　　　　　　 D. pay　　

41. A. allowed B. promised　　　　　　　　 C. proved D. accompanied

42. A. custom　　　　　　　 B. pub　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. entrance　　　　　 D. landlord　

43. A. drink　　　　　　　　 B. offer　　　　　　　　　　　 C. fetch 　　　　　　 　D. afford　

44. A. permitted　　　　　 B. suspected　　　　　　　　 C. supposed 　　　　　　 　D. respected

45. A. offer　　　　　　　　　 B. accept　　　　　　　　　　 C. allow　　　　　　　 D. refer　　

46. A. in turn　　　　　　　 B. in cash　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. in order　　　　　　 D. in surprise

47. A. customer　　　　　 B. foreigner　　　　　　　　 C. movement　　　　 D. gesture　

48. A. before　　　　　　　　 B. after　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. at　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. by　　

49. A. first　　　　　　　　　 B. last　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. own　　　　　　　　 D. fine　　

50. A. serve　　　　　　　　 B. make　　　　　　　　　　　 C. carry　　　　　　　 D. take　　

51. A. chatting　　　　　　　　　　 B. ringing　　　　　　　　　　 C. drinking 　　　　 　D. eating　

52. A. drunk　　　　　　　　 B. left　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. served　　　　　　　 D. waited　

53. A. drinks　　　　　　　　 B. seats　　　　　　　　　　　 C. places 　　　　　 　D. wine　

54. A. culture 　　　　　　　　　　 B. food　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. wine　　　　　　　　 D. service

55. A. sign　　　　　　　　　 B. symbol　　　　　　 　　 C. direction　　　　　 D. flag

When it comes to your skin, there is an important fact that you must keep in mind: Your skin is the largest organ of your body．As an obvious result, skin health and maintenance（保养） is vital．Your skin does everything from protecting you from the elements to assisting you with breathing．Your skin keeps your body hydrated （含水的） and regulates your body's temperature．In the end, this really is only the beginning of all of the various vital functions that your skin provides to you．

Despite the extreme importance of a person's skin, the reality is that many people simply do not pay much attention to issues relating to the health of their skin．With that in mind, there are some prime tips and pointers that you must always keep in mind when it comes to the health and protection of your skin．

Protection against harmful rays from the sun is one of the most important steps that you need to take．With this in mind it is vitally important that you make certain you use solid protection when you go out into the sun．

Your diet also has a direct effect on the health of your skin．The most important aspect of your diet in relation to the health of your skin is to make certain that you eat a proper amount of food items that contain the proteins and nutrients necessary for your skin’s health．

Water is also important to the health of your skin．While you certainly have heard it before, it actually is true that you should drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of fresh and pure water every day to keep healthy skin．

Finally, when it comes to the health of your skin today and into the future you should avoid smoking all together．In addition, you should drink alcohol only in moderation．Both smoking and too much alcohol consumption can negatively affect the health of your skin in significant ways．

1．The underlined word “elements” in the first paragraph probably refers to ______．

      A．bad weather                                        B．a favorable environment

      C．all the chemicals                                  D．the cells making up the skin

2．The writer lists some of the functions of skin in the beginning part to ______．

      A．make an analysis of the main topic of the passage

      B．draw readers’ attention to the main topic of the passage

      C．give a brief introduction to the main topic of the passage

      D．give the readers a summary of the main topic of the passage

3．Which of the following does not help maintain the health of skin?

       A．Drinking heavy alcohol．

      B．Taking proper diet in one’s life．

      C．Using solid protection when exposed to the sun．

      D．Drinking enough fresh and pure water every day．

4．Which of the following might be the most proper title of the above passage?

      A．An essential organ of our body．          B．Tips for soft and smooth skin．

       C．Habits and skin health．                       D．How to keep our skin healthy．

Tight—lipped elders used to say．”It’s not what you want in this world，but what you get” Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things．

    You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house，and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living．If we intend to have friends to dinner，we plan the menu，make a shopping list，decide which food to cook first，and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served．

    Likewise，if you want to find a job，take a sheet of paper，and write a brief account of yourself．In making a blueprint for a job，begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer，you can intelligently plan where to sell your services．

    This account of yourself is actually a sketch(梗概)of your working life and should include education，experience and references．Such an account is valuable．It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews．While talking to you，your could-be employer is deciding whether your education，your experience，and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your ”wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner．

    When you love carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires，you have something tangible to sell．Then you are ready to hunt for a job．Get all the possible information about your could—be job．Make inquiries(询问，打听)as to the details regarding the j ob and the firm．Keep your eyes and ears open，and use your own judgment．Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for，and keep in mind：Securing a job is your job now．

1．This article is mainly intended for        .

    A．day-dreamers         B．young salesmen

    C．fortune hunters        D．job applicants

2．The second paragraph mainly tells us        ．

    A．it’s no use dreaming of the impossible

    B．you can profit by doing the right thing

    C．it’s important to set a suitable goal for yourself

    D．you’11 certainly succeed if you try   

3．A plan made before inviting friends to dinner is used in the article as     .

    A．an indication of how to become a good host

    B．an example of how to write a j ob application

    C．a guideline in job interview

D．a principle for self-evaluation

4．The primary purpose of writing an account of yourself before you look for a job is       .

    A．to get clearly aware of yourself

    B．to tell yourself what you really want

    C．to meet the requirement of the employer

D．to fill out standard application forms

5．The underlined words” something tangible” in the last paragraph refer to something        ．

A．practical    B．definite    C．imaginary   D. desirable