摘要: Behaviours 5. goals 6. Reasons

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  Every living thing has a physical boundary(分界线) that separated it from its external environment. Beginning with the bacteria and the simple cell and ending with man, every organism has a certain limit which marks where it begins and ends.

  Anyone who has had experience with dogs, particularly in the countryside such as on farms, is familiar with the way in which the dog handles space. In the first place, the dog knows the limits of his aster's yard and will defend it against encroachment. There are also certain places where he steeps: a spot next to the fireplace, a spot in the kitchen, or one in the dinning room if he is allowed there. In short a dog has fixed points to which he returns time after time depending upon the occasion. One can also observe that the dog creates zone he is in, a trespasser(非法进入者) can cause different behaviours when he crosses the invisible lines which are meaningful to the dog.

  This is particularly noticeable in females with pup-pies. A mother who has a new litter(一胎所生的小动物) in a little-used barn wall claim the barn as her territory. When the door opens she may make a slight movement or stir in one corner. Nothing else may happen as the intruder moves ten or fifteen feet into the barn. Then the dog may raise her head or get up circle about and lie down as another visible boundary is crossed. One can tell about where the line is by withdrawing and watching when her head goes down. As additional lines are crossed, there will be other signals, a thumping(重击) of the tail, a low moan or a growl. One can also observe comparable behavior in other vertebrates(脊椎动物)-fish, birds and mammals.

1.A dog on a farm knows ________.

[  ]

A.the size of its master's yard

B.the only fixed place where it should sleep

C.it should not sleep in the kitchen

D.the area that it should defend

2.A female dog with puppies will probably ________.

[  ]

A.attack any stranger who comes near

B.signal differently according to different occasions

C.raise her head at the sight of a stranger

D.growl when a stranger leaves her territory

3.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that mother dogs ________.

[  ]

A.have a sense of gradual territory

B.protect their babies cautiously

C.are ready to attack strangers

D.prefer to raise babies in barns

4.In the second paragraph, the underlined word “encroachment” probably means ________.

[  ]

A.aggression
B.attack
C.aggressors
D.trespasser

5.Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?

[  ]

A.Dogs sleep at certain places in the yard or house.

B.logs will respond to territory trespasser.

C.The boundary lines are visible and meaningful to dogs.

D.Fish, birds belong to vertebrates.

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阅读下列短文,根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词。注意:表格中的每个空只填一个单词。

Stress is an uncomfortable feeling in the mind from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated,angry, or anxious. Stress is often accompanied by physical symptoms like trembling,sleeping difficulties and nightmares(恶梦).

Stress is a normal part of life.In small quantities,stress is good—it can motivate you and help you be more productive. However,too much stress is harmful. It can cause general poor health as well as specific physical or mental depression. Persistent and never-ceasing stress often leads to anxiety and unhealthy behaviours like abuse of alcohol or drugs.

Certain drugs can lead to symptoms of stress due to side effects. A poor diet can also contribute to stress or anxiety.Performance stress is related to specific situations,like taking a test or making a presentation in public. Post-traumatic stress develops after an unforgettably shocking event like war, physical attacks, or a natural disaster.

Any effective ways to cope with your stress or anxiety? One step is to make a list of what you think might be making you ‘stress out’:Is something constantly on your mind? Does anything in particular make you sad or depressed?

Then,find someone you believe in who will listen to you. Often,just talking to a friend or loved one is all that is needed to relieve anxiety. Most communities also have support groups and hotlines that can help. Social workers,psychologists,and other mental health professionals may be needed for therapy and medication.

Also, find healthy ways to deal with stress. For example, eat a healthy diet,get enough sleep, exercise regularly, limit caffeine and alcohol.Learn and practice relaxation techniques like yoga and tai chi. Make sure to balance fun activities with your responsibilities. Spend time with people you enjoy. Find self-help books at your local library or bookstore.

Title

Stress

The 1.    of stress 

An uncomfortable feeling in the mind,making you feel frustrated,angry and anxious,2.  by many symptoms 

The3.   stress has on people 

●Positive/good stress can motivate people,4.  people be more productive 

●5.  /harmful stress will cause poor health as well as physical and psychological illnesses 

Possible6.   of stress 

●Side effects of certain drugs

●Poor diets

●Stress 7.  with specific situations,like taking a test or making a presentation in public 

●Stress developing after unforgettably shocking events,like war,physical attacks,or a natural disaster

Effective 8. to coping with stress

●9.  what makes you “stress out” 

●Finding someone you trust who will listen to you

●Finding healthy ways to deal with it,such as10.   good habits and living a healthy life 

 

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