There seems never to have been a civilization(文明) without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.

In the ancient world, as is today, most boys play with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are strictly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. It is the universality of toys about their development in all parts of the world and their continuing to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to (服从于) technological progress that characterizes inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of advancement. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of materials then ready for use. (words: 285 ; time : 5ms)

1. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ________ .

A. their social roles are strictly determined

B. most boys would like to follow their fathers' jobs

C. boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers

D. they like challenging activities.

2. "The universality of toys" lies in the fact that ________ .

A. technological advances have greatly improved the making of toys

B. the improvement of techniques in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

D. the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world

3. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ________.

A. follow a direct line of development

B. also greatly interest adults

C. are not characterized by progress in technology

D. show the pace of social progress

（C）篇

1. A。由原文第二段第二句可知。

2. D。根据文章第三段第一句和第三句可知,玩具的基本的特征变化不大。

3. C。由文章最后一段第一句可知,玩具作为一种艺术形式,不因科技变化而变化。

LONDON —A British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake (假冒的）bomb detectors (探测器) to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadn’t cared about potentially deadly consequences.

It is believed that James McCormick got about $77. 8 million from the sales of his detectors — which were based on a kind of golf ball finder — to countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia.

McCormick, 57，was convicted (判罪) of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London.

“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,’’ Judge Richard Hone told McCormick. “You have neither regret, nor shame, nor any sense of guilt.”

The detectors, sold for up to $ 42,000 each, were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air. But in fact they “lacked any grounding in science” and were of no use.

McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya，the prison service in Hong Kong, the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand.

“I never had any bad results from customers,” he said.

39. Why was McCormick sentenced to prison?

A. He sold bombs.                              B. He caused death of people.

C. He made detectors.                              D. He cheated in business.

40. According to the judge, what McCormick had done ________ .

A. increased the cost of safeguarding

B. lowered people’s guard against danger

C. changed people’s idea of social security

D. caused innocent people to commit crimes

41. Which of the following is true of the detectors?

A. They have not been sold to Africa.

B. They have caused many serious problems.

C. They can find dangerous objects in water.

D. They don't function on the basis of science.

42. It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick _________ .

A. sold the equipment at a low price

B. was well-known in most countries

C. did not think he had committed the crime

D. had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，题材是新闻报道。本文报道了一条卖假冒炸弹探测器的商人被判10年徒刑的新闻。

【解析】

39. D。细节理解题。难度：中等。问题是“为什么McCormick被判刑入狱”。根据问题中的关键词sentenced to prison定位原文第一段。第一段说到McCormick是一位商人，生产了假冒的炸弹探测器，这是一种商业欺骗。选项D和其对应，为正确答案。

40. B。细节理解题。难度：难。问题是“根据法官的说法，McCormick的所为导致了什么样的结果”。根据问题中的关键词according to the judge定位第四段的第一句：your cheating conduct … promoted a false sense of security and … contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people（你的欺骗行为提高了人们虚假的安全感并助推给无辜百姓带来死亡和伤害）。由此可见，McCormick的行为让人们有了安全感，但这种安全并不真实。B “降低了人们防范危险的安全意识”符合此意，为正确答案。

41. D。判断题。难度：难。问题是“下面哪种说法对探测仪来说是正确的”。

解题思路：根据问题中的关键词detectors，把四个选项具体对应到原文中一处。A对应文章倒数第二段的最后一句he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya，the prison service in Hong Kong, the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand。该句中的Kenya是非洲的肯尼亚，否定了A的说法。B对应第一段第一句“the man hadn’t cared about potentially deadly consequences”，法官只说罪犯没有关注潜在的致命后果，而不是已经导致严重的问题。C对应第五段的第一句话“were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air”提示，探测仪的功能只是据说，而不一定真的具备找到水中危险物品的功能。选项D定位第五段的最后一句“in fact they ‘lacked any grounding in science’ and were of no use可知，这种探测仪没有科学根据，也毫无用途，和D“没有科学根据的工作原理”相吻合，故最佳答案是D。

42. D。推理判断题。难度：中等。

解题思路：返回原文，将选项与原文一一进行比较。

本题主要考查第四段和第七段。A“以低价销售设备”与原文第四段第一句不符，因为该句提到法官指控McCormick通过卖一些无用的设备来巨额利润。B“在大多数国家很有名”与文中提到的区区几个国家和地区Iraq，Belgium，Saudi Arabia，Kenya，Hong Kong，Egypt和Thailand购买他的探测仪不符。C“认为他没有犯罪”和第七段对应，其中他所说的“I never had any bad results from customers”和C符合，Ｃ是正确答案。Ｄ“他没有赚取文中提到的那么大利润”在原文没有语言根据。

The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s time is estimated(估计) to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足够的) working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.

The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.

1.What would be the best title for this passage?

2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

3.According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?

4.What forms an adequate working knowledge of English?

5.What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?

6.C。细节题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句可推知此题

第一节：

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1．What did the woman buy for her father?

[　　]

A．A watch.

B．A toy mobile phone.

C．Nothing.

2．Why do they take the subway?

[　　]

A．Because it is faster.

B．Because there is a traffic jam.

C．Because it is direct.

3．What would the man like to do?

[　　]

A．He'd like to buy a large jar.

B．He'd like to drink a jar of coffee.

C．He'd like to buy some coffee.

4．At what time will they most probably meet?

A．At 10:00.　　　B．At 11:00.　　　C．At 1:00.

5．How do they feel about the job that the man has done?

[　　]

A．Experienced.　　　B．Skilled.　　　C．Satisfactory.

第二节：

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读一遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6．Why didn't Mary come to the meeting?

[　　]

A．She ate some fish and felt sick.

B．She had a traffic accident.

C．She forgot the time of the meeting.

7．What does John think of Mary?

[　　]

A．He is pleased with her.

B．He is angry with her.

C．He is dissatisfied with her.

听第7段材料，回答第8至11题。

8．What does Jack think of the snow?

[　　]

A．Heavy.　　　B．Light.　　　C．Little.

9．What will the weather be like in the afternoon?

[　　]

A．A bit colder.　　　B．Very warm.　　　C．Less cold.

10．What is the woman most probably going to do in the afternoon?

[　　]

A．Go skating.

B．Go out by car.

C．Throw snowballs.

11．What can we know about the woman?

[　　]

A．She will loves snow.

B．She used to love snow.

C．She loves cold weather.

听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。

12．What did the woman go to the office for?

[　　]

A．To see her friend.

B．To ask for a job.

C．To make fun of the man.

13．Why did the woman dislike working in the Middle East?

[　　]

A．She hated living there.

B．It was far from home.

C．She'd lived there for years.

14．Which place did the woman want to go?

[　　]

A．A larger country.

B．A nearer country.

C．A new and different country.

听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。

15．How old is the girl's pet dog?

[　　]

A．Three months.　　　B．Three years.　　　C．Five years.

16．What does the girl often do after supper?

[　　]

A．She often bathes the dog.

B．She often speaks to the dog.

C．She often walks the dog.

17．What does the dog help to do?

[　　]

A．Talk with the family.

B．Take care of the family.

C．Look after the house.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

I8．What is the man talking about?

[　　]

A．The holiday.

B．The preparations for the camping.

C．The weather when they go camping.

19．Where will they stay?

[　　]

A．On the hill.　　　B．Near the river.　　　C．In the open.

20．What is the man's suggestion for mountain climbing?

[　　]

A．Bringing a sleeping bag.

B．Bringing a plate, a knife and a fork.

C．Bringing a pair of good walking shoes.

听力理解

　　第一节　听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C、三个选项中选出最佳选项．听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．

1．What happened to the man?

[　　]

A．He fell off and broke his bike.

B．He fell off his bike and his leg was broken.

C．His bike was broken and he had to go on foot.

2．When did the business of buying and selling slaves begin?

[　　]

A．In the late 18th century.

B．In the late 17th century.

C．In the late 19th century.

3．What does Room 33 face?

[　　]

A．The south.

B．The east.

C．The sea.

4．What is the relationship of the two speakers?

[　　]

A．Mother and son.

B．Teacher and student.

C．Brother and sister.

5．Where should the man get off?

[　　]

A．At the next stop.

B．At the next stop but one.

C．Right here.

　　第二节　听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．

听第6段材料，回答第6～8题．

6．What is the man doing?

[　　]

A．She is learning spoken English.

B．She is looking for a bank.

C．She is teaching spoken English.

7．Where does the conversation take place?

[　　]

A．At the university.

B．In the Street.

C．In front of a bank.

8．Which of the following is most likely to be true?

[　　]

A．The woman is on holiday in a foreign country.

B．The man is an Englishman.

C．The woman is a foreign teacher.

听第7段材料，回答第9～11题．

9．When did Mary first ring John up?

[　　]

A．At six in the morning.

B．At nine in the evening.

C．At four thirty in the afternoon.

10．What did John ask Mary to do?

[　　]

A．To help him with his lessons.

B．To go to the cinema.

C．To go to a lecture.

11．Why couldn’t Mary help John that evening?

[　　]

A．Because her mother was ill and she had to take care of her.

B．Because she had got something on that evening.

C．Because John was at a meeting.

听第8段材料，回答第12～14题．

12．What did the man do about his old car?

[　　]

A．He sold it.

B．He repaired the engine.

C．He gave it to his friend as a present.

13．What did the man feel about his old car?

[　　]

A．It's bad-looking.

B．It wouldn’t go far safely.

C．It would be all right for years.

14．What does the man feel about his new car?

[　　]

A．We are not sure.

B．It's even worse than the old one.

C．It's much better than the old one.

听第9段材料，回答第15～17题．

15．Where is the man working now?

[　　]

A．He is working as an engineer in Maryland.

B．He is teaching in Harvard University.

C．He is working in the National Motors Factory.

16．Who is Helen?

[　　]

A．The man’s friend who works in a car factory.

B．The man's wife who works in a factory.

C．The man's assistant who works for him.

17．Where did the man grow up?

[　　]

A．In Maryland.

B．In New York.

C．In Harvard University.

听第10段材料，回答第18～20题．

18．How long did the fire last?

[　　]

A．About half an hour.

B．About fifty minutes.

C．Around twenty-five minutes.

19．Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?

[　　]

A．The damage caused by the fire was great.

B．The guests were mainly rescued from the windows of their rooms.

C．All the fighters were trying to control the fire.

20．What can we infer from the passage?

[　　]

A．Many people died in the accident.

B．The fire didn’t spread to other buildings.

C．The fire started mainly because of the strong wind.

　　第三节　听下面一段独白，每段独白读三遍，第一遍听短文大意，第二遍边听边写下所缺的词或者短语，第三遍检查．

Marian Anderson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1902．She became one of the greatest singers (1) ________ .

　　She began singing in (2) ________ choir when she was eight years old. She had an outstanding voice, (3) ________, it was difficult for her to get a musical (4) ________. People had heard she (5) ________ money so that she could study music. And in 1930 she won a scholar and (6) ________.

　　Her success in Berlin, Germany made her fame spread. She delighted her audience (7) ________ .

　　She returned to the U. S. in 1935 to (8) ________ her career. One of her highest acclaims came in 1939, when she gave a concert for 75, 000 people from the steps of Lincoln Memorial in Washington D. C.

　　In 1955, she became the first Negro to sing (9) ________ of the Metropolitan Opera Company of New York City. Three years later, Marian Anderson (10) ________ as the U. S. delegate to the United Nations.