Let's face it.No one drinks diet soda for the taste.People drink diet soda in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it.Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect, according to a new study.
Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those who didn't drink diet soda."What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain," said Sharon Fowler.
The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large, ongoing research project, where the participants were followed for nearly l0 years.
While the findings are surprising, they also offer some explanations.
Nutrition expert, Melanie Rogers, who works with overweight patients in New York, has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet soda, they don't lose weight at all."We weren't seeing weight loss necessarily, and that was confusing to us," said Rogers.
So why would diet soda cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet, but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet soda, and so over-compensate for the missing calories.
A related study found some sweeteners （甜味剂） raised blood sugar levels in some mice."Data from this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky," said Helen P.Hazuda, professor at the University of Texas's school of medicine."They may be free of calories, but not of consequences."

1. 1.

   People drink diet soda to _____.

   1. A.
      enjoy its taste
   2. B.
      achieve weight loss
   3. C.
      stay in fashion
   4. D.
      gain more energy
2. 2.

   The new study suggests that drinking diet soda _____.

   1. A.
      causes people to become heavier
   2. B.
      helps people to be healthier
   3. C.
      makes people much thinner
   4. D.
      offers people more calories
3. 3.

   We can learn from the passage that _____.

   1. A.
      regular soda makes people lose more weight
   2. B.
      diet soda does help reduce calories
   3. C.
      diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food
   4. D.
      most blood diseases come from diet soda
4. 4.

   The underlined word "They" in the last paragraph probably refers to _____.

   1. A.
      sweeteners
   2. B.
      diet soda drinkers and sweetener takers
   3. C.
      sodas
   4. D.
      diet sodas and artificial sweeteners

Most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in each hand a bright-blue plastic jug. On good days, they will wait less than an hour before a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New Delhi. On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don’t come at all. “That water kills people,” a young mother named Shoba said one recent Saturday morning, pointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel (焦糖)-colored liquid. “Whoever drinks it will die.” The water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neibourhood. Women often use it to wash clothes and bathe their children, but no­body is desperate enough to drink it.

　　There is no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but ex­perts usually put the minimum at fifty li­tres. The government of India promises (but rarely provides) forty. Most people drink two or three litres—less than it takes to wash a toilet. The rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. Americans consume between four hundred and six hundred litres of water each day, more than any other people on earth. Most Europeans use less than half that. The women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundred litres that day—two or three buckets’ worth. Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn’t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon. She often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than water delivered any other way. Sometimes she just buys milk; it’s cheaper. Like the poorest people every­where, the people of New Delhi’s slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.

1.The underlined word “slum” most likely means ______.

A. a village

B. a small town

C. the part of a town that lacks water badly

D. an area of a town with badly-built, over-crowded buildings

2.Sometimes the water tanker doesn’t come because ______.

A. there is no electricity             B. the weather is bad

C. there is no water            D. people don’t want the dirty water

3.A person needs at least ________ litres of water a day.

A. forty           B. four hundred         C. a hundred      D. fifty

4.The passage mainly tells us ______.

A. how India government manages to solve the problem of water gets their water

B. how women in Kesum Purbahari

C. how much water a day a person deeds

D. that India lacks water badly

Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.

                          Important words to learn:E Essential I improver A Advanced

Pump

  noun [C] DEVICE 1 A a piece of equipment which is

used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place

gas pump SHOE2[USUALLY PLURAL]US (UK COURT SHOE)

8 type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of

fastening it to the foot which is worn by women

3 [USUALLY PLURAL]  type of flat shoe, like a BALIET dancer’s shoe when is worn by women 4 [USUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat·shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sports.

verb LIQUID/GAS1 [T USUALLY·ADV/PREP] to force

liquid or gas to move somewhere:our latest machine can

pump a hundred gallors a minute , o The new wine is

pumped into stirage tanks.o The heart pumos blood

through the arteries/round the body. INFORMATION2[T]

INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information,

especially in a way that is not direce:She was pumping me

for details of the new projece.

Idioms pump sb’s hand to SHAKE someone’s hand

(=hold their hand and move it up and down, espacially

In order to greet them)·pump lron INFORMAL to lift

Heavy weights for exercise: These days both men and

Women pump iron far fitnets.

 Pharsal verbs pump sth into sth to spend    

Money trying to make something operate succesfully:

They had been pumpinh money into the business for some

Years without seeing any results.

Pump sth out(M)REMOVE1 to remove water or other

liquid from something using a pump:We took turns

pumping out the boat.PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVING

to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated,

forceful and continuous: The government keeps pumping

out the same old propaganda.O The car radio was

pumping out music with a heacy beat.

Pump out sth someone’s stomach is pumped out, a

Poisonous substance is removed from it by being-sucked

Through a tube. She had to go to hospital    

Stomach pumped out.

Pump sth up [M] INFORMAL to make someone feel more

contident or excited: He was offering them advince and

trying to pump them up.O[R]The players were pumping

themselves up by singing the national anthem, before the

game.

Pump sth up[M]1 to fill something with air using a

pump: Have you pumped up the balloons yet?O I must

pump the tyres up on my bike.2 INFORMAL to increase

something by a large amount:The US was able to pump

up exports.O Let’s pump up the tolume a bit!

Pump-action /pamp ek/ n/adjective describes a device which operates by forcing song     especially air ,in or out of a closed space or container, a pump-action shotgun , a pump   action   

Pump priming noun specialized the activity of helping a business ,programm ,economy    etc   to  develop by  giving it money.  The government is carding small,pump-priming grants to single moter who are starting their own businesses.

Pun

noun a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sound like another word:she made a couple of dreadful puns.  This is a well-known joke based on a pun “What’s  black and white and red   all  over   A newspaper

Verb  to make a pun

Punch

Noun      (c)a forceful hit with a fist (=closed hand) she gave him a punch lik on us in the nose effect

2 U the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people ,I felt the performance speech presntation lacked punch DRnk  3  a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices pieces of frut and often wine or other alcoholic drinks tool  4  a piece of equoce  which cuts boles in a maena by pushing a piece of met through it a ticket punch have you seen the hole puneh anywhere?

    Verb(t) hit 1  to hit someone or something with your FIST (=closed hand);He punched him in the stomach.2 MALY US to hit with your fingers the bugins on a telephone or the kdys on a keys on a keyboard USE TOCL make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper  .This belt’s too big .I’ll have to punch an extra hole in it.

Idioms punch sb’s lights out informal to hit someone repeatedly very hard punch the clock us to put a card into a special machine to record the times you amive at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock,he just disappeared one morning and was mever heard from again.

1.

What does the word“pump”mean in “He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case”?

A.Talk with   B.ask for information.    C.Listen to    D.Provide with evidence

2.

When Sally says“The TV propram kept pumping out commercials”,she may be______.

A.excited   B.interested   C.annoyed   D.annoyed

3.

What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program?

A. sums of money          B.Raw materials

C.informative and significant    D.intereing and powerful

4.

When Sylvia says“His speech was OK but it had no real punch”,she thinks it was not_____.

A.fluent and impressive       B.logical and moving

C.informative and significant   D.interestitng and powerful

Beaches Cross-Training Club

Halloween Fun Run

Start date: Sept. 9---Oct. 28

Rate: $80 / $10 per class

Time: 4:15---5:15

Dress according to weather. Please note that your child does not need to run races in order to participate in this run training. Focus is on fun and participation. No run experience needed. All ages of kids are welcome.

Class format: 40 minutes of running and running games.

Saturday Indoor Long Rides 2---5 pm

Start date: Sat. Oct.17---Dec.19

Pre-registered rate: $200 / $ 20 per ride

Drop-in rate: $22

This class is designed for road riders, Ride to Conquer Cancer participants, athletic cross-training, and people wanting a great weekly challenge. Participants are encouraged to work within their own level of comfort. No previous riding experience needed; all are welcome. We will begin long rides at 2 hours, and after a few weeks add 15 minutes until we reach 3 hours. At that point, rides will remain 3 hours in length until the outdoor season begins.

Please bring liquid that you drink, nutrition and a towel. Room accommodates 18 spin bikes(健身车).

Family Fun Fit Private Coaching

Learn with Christina Kaufmann. Family Fun Fit’s Private Coaching Service begins with a one-hour face-to-face meeting where we map out where you are and where you wish to be. Next, Christina creates a personalized training program and schedule that will systematically train you and encourage you to achieve your desired goal.

Clients(顾客) have the access to the coach via email or phone. Christina’s past clients have successfully achieved their goals.

This service is ongoing(进行中). Cost is $150 per month.

1.Halloween Fun Run is held to make kids ______.

A．learn how to compete                    B．become professional runners

C．have a good time                        D．build self-confidence

2.When you attend Saturday Indoor Long Rides, you’re required to _____.

A．begin long rides at three hours             B．have precious riding experience

C．prepare some drinks                     D．be a road rider

3.What do we know about Christina Kaufmann ?

A．Her class is very lively and interesting.

B．She gives her instructions on the phone in most cases.

C．She offers service for free.

D．She helps make training plans.

4.What’s the purpose of the text ?

A．To introduce Christina Kaufmann.

B．To help people form good habits.

C．To try to teach people how to keep fit.

D．To encourage people to join the club.

London, Dec.17 (Xinhua) “Drivers on London Underground trains have started reading out sayings from great thinkers like Mahatma Gandhi , Frindrich Engels, and Albert Einstein in a bid to cheer up passengers ,” officials said. As well as the usual announcements urging passengers to “mind the steps” and warning of delays, the sayings such as “ an ounce ( 盎司) of action is worth a ton of theory” have taken the place of commercial ad in the underground carriages .

New York, Oct.8 (Xinhua) Once as a famous actor, now the governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger wants to abandon textbooks in favor of digital ones. He plans to launch this program in August next year when California’s high-school pupils will have access to online math and science text. But some teachers wonder whether his idea of getting rid of textbooks might end up costing more not less, with digital textbook going for $300.

Amsterdam, Nov.30 (Xinhua) A few cups of coffee a day may not only help to put off the disease—dementia(痴呆) but also can treat it, according to Dr. Arendash, who led the research. After giving mice with memory damage water containing caffeine, he found the mice developed better memories and quick thinking. The reason is that caffeine is a safe drug for most people. It easily enters the brain and directly affects the disease process. He suggested people should drink five eight–ounce cups of ordinary coffee, two cups of strong ‘coffee shop’ coffee, 14 cups of tea, or 20 cola drinks to get the same amount of 500 milligrams of caffeine.

1.What’s the purpose of putting up sayings on the underground carriages in London?

A．to help passengers to kill time.

B．to encourage passengers to learn.

C．to lift the spirits of passengers.

D．to make money as a commercial ad.

2.What can we conclude from the second news?

A．digital textbooks will replace traditional textbooks.

B．online math is already available to high-school pupils .

C．digital textbooks are convenient to carry anywhere.

D．Not all the teachers support their governor’s idea.

3.Which of the following statements is true from the third news?

A．The more coffee you drink, the less chance there will be for dementia.

B．Caffeine can make mice become more and more intelligent and energetic.

C．Caffeine can affect the process of the disease—dementia and treat it.

D．Caffeine is a safe drug for all the people for everyday use so enjoy it.