题目内容
Most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in each hand a bright-blue plastic jug. On good days, they will wait less than an hour before a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New Delhi. On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don’t come at all. “That water kills people,” a young mother named Shoba said one recent Saturday morning, pointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel (焦糖)-colored liquid. “Whoever drinks it will die.” The water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neibourhood. Women often use it to wash clothes and bathe their children, but nobody is desperate enough to drink it.
There is no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres. The government of India promises (but rarely provides) forty. Most people drink two or three litres—less than it takes to wash a toilet. The rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. Americans consume between four hundred and six hundred litres of water each day, more than any other people on earth. Most Europeans use less than half that. The women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundred litres that day—two or three buckets’ worth. Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn’t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon. She often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than water delivered any other way. Sometimes she just buys milk; it’s cheaper. Like the poorest people everywhere, the people of New Delhi’s slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.
1.The underlined word “slum” most likely means ______.
A. a village
B. a small town
C. the part of a town that lacks water badly
D. an area of a town with badly-built, over-crowded buildings
2.Sometimes the water tanker doesn’t come because ______.
A. there is no electricity B. the weather is bad
C. there is no water D. people don’t want the dirty water
3.A person needs at least ________ litres of water a day.
A. forty B. four hundred C. a hundred D. fifty
4.The passage mainly tells us ______.
A. how India government manages to solve the problem of water gets their water
B. how women in Kesum Purbahari
C. how much water a day a person deeds
D. that India lacks water badly
1.D
2.A
3.D
4.D
【解析】
试题分析:文章大意:文章介绍印度的严重缺水问题,具体的例举了一些缺水的情况,让读者更加了解印度缺水的严重性和政府的不作为。
1.猜词题:从选项上看:A、B、C 可以指贫穷地区,也可以指富裕地区,但根据第1 段的On good days, they will wait less than an hour before a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New Delhi.及第2 段的最后一句Like the poorest people everywhere, the people of New Delhi’s slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.可以知道 slum 指的更可能是贫穷地区,D选项比较接近这个意思,因此D应该是最佳答案。
2.细节题:根据第1 段的On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don’t come at all.可以知道是没有电的时候,水车就不来了,A选项是正确答案。
3.细节题:根据第2 段的“…but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres”可以知道一个人一天需要的最少的水量是50升,D选项是正确答案。
4.主旨大意题。第2 段第2 句是该文的主题句,说明这篇文章讲的是印度的缺水严重问题,D 选项与主题句的意思一致,因此是正确选项。B C,选项是细节信息,用于村托印度缺水的现象;A选项则完全与文章的意思相反,因此均可排除。
考点:考查社会现象类短文
Depression(抑郁症)is a serious problem today.Depression causes workers to be unproductive,causing companies and countries to lose billion of dollars.One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread, costly and deadly”.Depression hits one person in five around the world.
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated,studies show that depression is a problem among everyone.Over any six-month period, between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression.
Suicide(自杀)rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme, or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large, and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks.People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping,getting up on time,and doing work productively.
Depression, which researchers agree has its origin in the genes(基因),brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate, making it possible for employees and managers to work efficiently.
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides,there is no good treatment,with few specialists available.
“Most patients in China just don’t get help,” a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital,I have
to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning,and just have time to say ‘Hello,how do you feel ?…’”
In Western countries,people are not afraid to admit that they have depression,but most do not tell it to their boss,because they fear that their boss would fire them.
“In my experience,aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it, because they feel
the most secure about themselves, ” an American doctor says.
Hopefully,in the near future,people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
【小题1】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression. |
B.Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work. |
C.Depression is a commonly-existing problem only in rich countries. |
D.The poorer and the less educated a person is,the less he will suffer from depression. |
A.very unconfident and often absent-minded | B.easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks |
C.working efficiently and productively | D.either weak or lazy |
A.the understanding of the problem | B.the lack of treatment and doctors |
C.their unwillingness to tell it to their boss | D.the doctors’ careless work |
A.People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists. |
B.The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed. |
C.More and mote patients will turn to specialists for help |
D.Western people are braver than Chinese people |
History is full of examples of leaders joining together to meet common goals. But rarely have two leaders worked together with such friendship and cooperation as American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. They both were born in wealthy families and were active in politics for many years. Both men loved the sea and the navy,history and nature.
Roosevelt and Churchill first met when they were lowerlevel officials in World War One. But neither man remembered much about that meeting. However,as they worked together during the Second World War they came to like and trust each other. Roosevelt and Churchill exchanged more than one thousand seven hundred letters and messages during five and a half years. They met many times,at large national gatherings and in private talks. But the closeness of their friendship might be seen best in a story told by one of Roosevelt’s close advisors,Harry Hopkins. Hopkins remembered how Churchill was visiting Roosevelt at the White House one day. Roosevelt went into Churchill’s room in the morning to say hello. But the president was shocked to see Churchill coming from the washing room with no clothes at all. Roosevelt immediately apologized to the British leader for seeing him naked. But Churchill reportedly said: “The Prime Minister of Great Britain has nothing to hide from the president of the United States.” And then both men laughed.
The United States and Great Britain were only two of several nations that joined together in the war to resist Hitler and his Allies. In January,1942,twentysix of these nations signed an agreement promising to fight for peace,religious freedom,human rights,and justice. The three major Allies,however,were the most important for the war effort: the United States,Britain,and the Soviet Union. Yet,Churchill and Roosevelt disagreed about when to attack Hitler in western Europe. And Churchill resisted Roosevelt’s suggestions that Britain give up some of its colonies. But in general,the friendship between Roosevelt and Churchill,and between the United States and Britain led the two nations to cooperate closely.
【小题1】What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Roosevelt and Churchill had much in common. |
B.Roosevelt and Churchill had nothing in common. |
C.Roosevelt and Churchill had no difference but cooperation. |
D.Roosevelt and Churchill always joined together to meet common goals. |
A.Since World War One they had believed in each other. |
B.They exchanged just 27 letters and messages per month during the 5.5 years. |
C.Harry Hopkins never let out the closeness of their friendship. |
D.Roosevelt and Churchill hadn’t been presidents before World War One. |
A.Roosevelt and Churchill did not always agree with each other |
B.over two differences between Churchill and Roosevelt were mentioned |
C.Churchill urged Roosevelt to give up some of its colonies |
D.the differences between Roosevelt and Churchill had an effect on their cooperation |