阅读理解

　　In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition(获得) of each new skill- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby may be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child may be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm (eagerness) for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

　　Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality(准时)for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the children's happiness.

　　As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency(一惯性) is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept(规则)”. If they are not sincere and don't practise what they preach(teach), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure(不稳定) when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

　　A student's awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

1．Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills ________.

[　　]

A．should be avoided

B．is universal among parents

C．sets-up dangerous states of worry in the children

D．will make him lose interest in learning new things

2．In the process of children's learning new skills parents ________.

[　　]

A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

B．should not expect too much of them

C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too much and leaving them on their own

D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible

3．The word “precept” probably means ________.

[　　]

4．In moral matters, parents should ________.

[　　]

A．observe the rules themselves

B．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children

C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality

D．consistently ensure the safety of their children

阅读理解

　　There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine(内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons(活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy(读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.

　　Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one or two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it. The same is true of auto repair and violin-making.

　　Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more user-friendly. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a computer citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program, and generally that is easily accomplished.

1．To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should ________.

[　　]

A．try to lay a solid foundation in computer science

B．be aware of how the things that they use do what they do

C．learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills

D．understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car

2．In the second paragraph “violin-making” is mentioned to show that ________.

[　　]

A．programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin

B．our society need experts in different fields

C．violin-making requires as much skill as computer programming

D．people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer programming

3．The author's purpose in writing this passage is to ________.

[　　]

A．stress the impact of the computer on society

B．explain the concept of computer literacy

C．illustrate the requirements for being competent citizen of tomorrow

D．emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing．It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage．A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads．On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself．
Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children．Some may be especially strict in money matters．Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals．In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness．
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching．To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality．Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”．If they are not sincere and do not practice what they teach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled．
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment．
【小题1】Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills _________．

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (学会) of each new skill -- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality（准时）for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.

As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency（前后一致） is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

1.Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills, _________________.

A．should be avoided

B．is universal among parents

C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

D．will make the child lose interest in learning new things

2.In the process of children’s learning new skills, parents _________________.

A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

B．should expect a lot of the children

C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible

3.The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________________.

A．parents should be strict with their children

B．parental controls reflect only the values of the community

C．parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children alone

D．it’s parents’ and society’s duty to control the children

4.The word“precept” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_________________”.

A．opinion           B．punishment        C．behavior          D．instruction

5.In terms of moral matters, parents should _____________________.

A．follow the rules themselves

B．be aware of the huge difference between adults and children

C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality

D．always ensure the security of their children

Are you nervous about climbing because you think it’s too dangerous? Do you feel you’re not fit enough to climb? Do you know how to start climbing?

Let’s consider the idea that climbing is dangerous. Being afraid is natural, but if you use suitable ropes and other climbing equipments you will feel completely safe. Climbers are usually very careful because they know what they are doing is dangerous. Accidents happen, but when they do, they tend to attract a lot of publicity. As a result, people think there are many more accidents than there are in reality.

You cannot expect to start climbing straight away. Climbing is a challenge and challenges take time. It is necessary first of all that you achieve a good level of fitness. Begin as soon as you become interested in climbing—go to the gym, go swimming, take up jogging and continue to do so throughout your training period.

Discover as much as you can about climbing. Visit the library and find books especially for beginners or buy climbing magazines and look for articles which describe your situation. Look up information on the Internet. Find out about equipment, methods and places to go.

Next, take a course on a climbing wall. There are plenty of climbing walls all over the country which have trained and qualified people as instructors. Call your local leisure centre to find out if there is one in your area. These training sessions are a quick way to get experience and you are likely to meet other beginners. After this, you can do an outside course or join a club where you can meet climbers of all abilities and eventually join in group-climbing events.

At first you may not understand the importance of a good training period, but after you have completed your first climb and you are standing safely at the top of a rock feeling thrilled, then you will know it was the right thing to do.

1.The article is written by ______.

2.The writer thinks a new climber should ______.

3.By climbing walls you can ______.

4.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably means ______.