八．句型转换. (每小题2分, 共10分)

81. It is obvious that he has known the truth.

_____________, he has known the truth..

82. I happened to meet an old friend in the street yesterday.

I met an old friend _____________ ____________ in the street yesterday. 

83. The problem needs discussing.

The problem needs __________ __________ ____________.

84. The government gave an order. All the victims in the earthquake of Yushu County, Qinghai Province were rescued.

The government gave an order _________________________________________________.

85. To master a foreign language is not an easy job.

_______ _______ not an easy job ___________ _________ a foreign language.

Street art can be found on buildings, sidewalks, street signs and even trash cans from Tokyo to Paris to New York City. This special kind of art can take the form of paintings, sculptures, cloth or even stickers (张贴物). Street art has become part of a global visual culture. Now, even art museums and galleries are collecting the works of street artists.

It is not easy to provide an exact history of the street art movement. This kind of art has developed in many kinds of ways in places all over the world. Also, because it is illegal to paint public and private property without permission, street artists usually work secretly. This secretive nature of street art and its countless forms make it hard to define exactly. And people have different opinions about the movement. Some think street art is a crime and destroys property. But others see this art as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.

Many experts say the movement began in New York City in the 1960s. Young adults would use paint in special cans to spray their “tag” on walls and train cars around the city. This tag was a name they created to identify themselves and their artwork. This colorful style of writing is also called graffiti (涂鸦). It is visually exciting and energetic. Some graffiti paintings were signs marking the territories of city gangs or illegal crime groups.

Graffiti also became a separate movement expressing the street culture of young people living in big cities. Graffiti art represented social and political rebellion (叛逆). This was art that rejected the accepted rules of culture and power. These artists could travel around areas of the city making creative paintings for everyone to see. Sometimes this street art created a conflict between artists and city officials. Graffiti artists created their images and city officials quickly painted over them.

During the 1980s, two New York painters — Keith Haring and Jean Michel began showing their work in art galleries and museums. This is when street art started to become part of the more general popular culture.

1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

3.The city officials used to get rid of graffiti probably because _____________.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 选项中有两项为多余选项.

We’d better develop our interest in English at the beginning of our study.    1.    We may feel good when we can say something simple in English.

   2.    So we must make some plans before study. And we should certainly carry out these plans in our study.

   3.    Our notes are much thinner than the books so that we can learn them by heart easily and can often review and read them. We may also record our notes on tapes so as to listen to them easily.

Reading a newspaper is the best thing to improve your English.    4.   It will help you keep in touch with a lot of subjects in English.

  5.    Learn by heart the whole sentences and the phrases that contain the new words so that we may know how to use the words.

If time permits (允许), we may read a mini Chinese-English dictionary carefully from cover to cover, which may help us widen our sight and master (掌握) knowledge in all ways.

A. Read a little from a newspaper every day.

B. Don’t read books without making notes.

C. Carefully write an e-mail in English.

D. It’s easy to develop an interest in English study.

E. The more, the better.

F. Plans are always very necessary.

G. Never just memorize (记住) single English words.

Every day on the road, accidents are caused. They do not only happen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune-frustration, tiredness or just bad temper-that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.

Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.

By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.

It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety actions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgment-noise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work.

1.This passage might be written to         .

A．college students                        B．drivers

C．ordinary citizens                        D．businessmen

2.“Accident-prone” in Paragraph 2 means          .

A．likely to have accidents                   B．injured in accidents

C．likely to die in accidents                  D．responsible for road accidents

3.The passage suggests that           .

A．accidents mostly result from slippery roads

B．accidents are usually caused by psychological factors

C．doctors run three times the normal risk of accidents in factories

D．about 50,000 people lost their lives at work in Britain every day

4.Which of the following is NOT discussed as a factor of accidents in this passage?

A．Mood            B．Carelessness       C．Tiredness         D．Weather

5.What do you think would be the best title for the passage?

A．Accidents and Human                    B．Why accidents happen

C．Human Factors in Accidents               D．How to Prevent Accidents

Friendships can be difficult — because often people aren't as honest and open as they should be. Sometimes, people finally get hurt.

Most problems with friendships come up because people are just too selfish to care about the things that their friends need. They care about their own needs much more, which makes it hard for friendships to work. However, being selfish is part of human nature. A person is put together in order to take care of themselves and their own needs, not necessarily those needs of other people. Even though being selfish is something that all humans are born with, it is something that everyone should be against.

The best thing to remember when you are a friend to anyone is that you need to treat your friends the same way that you'd like to be treated(对待). This is wonderful advice for a friendship, because it is really the only way to make sure that you are giving your friends everything you would want to be given in a friendship. Whenever you have a question about how you should treat a friend, it is easy to find an answer simply by asking yourself what you would like your friend to do for you, if he or she was in your shoes.

Even if you're always thinking about how you'd like to be treated, and your friends are too, there are problems that come up from time to time in each friendship, and it is important to understand how to deal with these problems so that you can build stronger and healthier friendships. Problems like friends getting boyfriends or girlfriends and not spending enough time with their friends, or even friends finding new friends and leaving old friends behind are problems that will probably come up with one or more of your friendships. It is important to know how to deal with these friend problems so that you can keep your friends and make new ones. No one wants to have a broken friendship.

1.This passage mainly talks about ________.

A. the importance of friendship

B. the advantages(益处) of friendship

C. the problems of friendship

D. the disadvantages(劣势) of friendship

2.According to the writer, problems with friendship may appear when ________.

A. one is honest                 B. one is selfish       C. one is open                   D. one is kind

3.According to the passage, the first and most important thing to be other people's friend is ________.

A. to treat your friend as you like to be

B. to give your friends whatever you have

C. not to hurt your friends' feelings

D. not to think of your own need any more

4.What's the purpose of understanding how to deal with friendship problems?

A. To have a comfortable life.

B. To build stronger and healthier friendships.

C. To be treated the way you want.

D. To get a boyfriend or girlfriend more quickly.