Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems．It is the poorest of the poor．Only small sums are available for excavating（挖掘）and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated．Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day．Besides, there is the problem of unlawful excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to businessmen at the highest price.．

   I would like to make a suggestion that would at once provide money for archaeology and reduce the amount of diggings against law．You might say that professionals excavate to get knowledge, not money．Moreover, ancient artifacts（古器物） are part of our global cultural heritage（遗产）, which should be there for all to appreciate, not sold at the highest price．I agree．Sell nothing that has scientific value．But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value．Here, we disagree．In theory, you may be correct in saying that every artifact has hidden scientific value.．

   People can not help appreciate every unearthed treasure but there is not enough money even to put the finds in good order; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered．Indeed, with the help of the Internet, sold artifacts could be more reachable than are the pieces stored in museum basements．Before sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer．A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes．

1．What’s the problems that archaeology as a profession has to face?

     A．Money and unlawful excavation.           B．Effectively duplicates.

     C．Scientific purposes.                             D．Excavation law．

2．To let most people enjoy ancient artifacts, the practical way could be_______.

     A．putting them in the museum           B．having sold artifacts returned

     C．making use of the Internet           D．solving the money problem

3．Which of the following four suggestions about archaeology is from the author?

     A．No selling of any unearthed ancient artifacts.

B．Some money should be raised for the purpose.

C．Selling some unearthed ancient artifacts and having them returned when needed．

D．Ancient artifacts, our global cultural heritage, should be evenly shared by us all.

Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. It is the poorest of the poor. Only small sums are available for excavating(挖掘)and even less is available
for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Besides, there is the problem of unlawful excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to businessmen at the highest price..
I would like to make a suggestion that would at once provide money for archaeology and reduce the amount of diggings against law. You might say that professionals excavate to get knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts(古器
物) are part of our global cultural heritage(遗产), which should be there for all to appreciate, not sold at the highest price. I agree. Sell nothing that has scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here,
we disagree. In theory, you may be correct in saying that every artifact has hidden scientific value.
People can not help appreciate every unearthed treasure but there is not enough money even to put the finds in good order; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of the Internet, sold artifacts could be more reachable than are the pieces stored in museum basements. Before sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.
【小题1】What’s the problems that archaeology as a profession has to face?

No one wants to be tested．We would all like to get a driver’s license without answering questions about rights of way or showing that we can parallel park a car．Many future lawyers and doctors probably wish they could join their profession without taking an exam．

But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life．They protect us from unskilled drivers, harmful products and dishonest professionals．In schools too exams play a constructive role．They tell public officials whether new school programs are making a difference and where new investments are likely to pay off．They tell teachers what their students have learned——and have not．They tell parents how their children are doing compared with others of their age．They encourage students to make more effort．

It is important to recall that for most of century, educators used intelligence tests to decide which children should get a high-quality education．The point of IQ testing was to find out how much children were capable of learning rather than to test what they had actually learned．Based on IQ scores, millions of children were assigned to dumbed-down (学术挑战较小的) programs instead of solid courses in science, math, history, literature and foreign language．

This history reminds us that tests should be used to improve education．Every child should have access to a high - quality education．Students should have full opportunity to learn what will be tested; otherwise their scores will merely reflect whether they come from an educated family．

In the past few years, we have seen the enormous benefits that flow to disadvantaged students because of the information provided by state tests．Those who fall behind are now getting extra instruction in after - school classes and summer programs．In their efforts to improve student performance, states are increasing teachers’ salaries, testing new teachers and insisting on better teacher education．

Performance in education means the mastery of both knowledge and skills．This is why it is reasonable to test teachers to make sure they know their subject matter, as well as how to teach it to young children．And this is why it is reasonable to assess whether students are ready to advance to the next grade or graduate from high school．

68．According to the passage, school exams enable ______．

       A．governments to make right policies

       B．students to meet their teachers’ requirements

       C．teachers to understand if their students have made efforts

       D．parents to compare their kids’ achievements across schools

69．Which of the following does the author probably agree with?

       A．Disadvantaged students can benefit from state tests．

       B．Tests should focus on what students have actually learned．

       C．Intelligent tests decide if children should get a high - quality education．

       D．Intelligent tests are helpful in separating excellent students from poor ones．

70．What is the purpose of the passage?

       A．To re - assess the value of IQ testing．

       B．To defend the role of testing in education．

       C．To explain what high - quality education means．

       D．To call for thorough and complete reform in education．