The quest for success always begins with a target. As Berra once said, “You got to be very careful if you don't know where you're going, because you might not get there.”

　　　 Too many people wander through life like sleepwalkers．Each day they follow familiar routines, never asking, “What am I doing with my life?” and they don’t know what they’re doing because they lack goals．

　　　 Goal-setting is a focusing of the will to move in a certain direction．Begin with a clear conception of what you want．Write down your goals and date them—putting them into words clarifies them．Rather than concentrating on objects to acquire and possess, focus on fulfilling your desires to do, to produce, to contribute—goal-setting that yields the true sense of satisfaction we all need．

　　　 It’s important to visualize（想象）yourself accomplishing your goal．While losers visualize the penalties（不利）of failure, winners visualize the rewards of success．I’ve seen it among athletes, statistics contrasting air and highway safety, but it made no difference．I had read too many articles describing crash scenes and imagined these scenes vividly．I had programmed myself, without realizing it, to stay off planes．

　　　 Then one summer I had the opportunity to fly on a private plane with friends to a resort；I didn’t want to miss out on a great vacation．So I spent two weeks imagining a smooth flight on a beautiful sunny day and an easy landing．

　　　 When the day arrived, I was eager to go．To everyone’s surprise, I got on the plane and I loved every minute of it, and I still use the techniques I employed that day．

52.　　 According to the passage, if you want to be successful, the first thing for you to do is 　

________．

　　　 A. find the right methods　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. be careful about everything

　　　 C. know your ability　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. have a clear goal

53.　　 If you have a target, you will ________．

　　　 A. wander like a sleepwalker　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　 B. know well what you are doing

　　　 C. do the same work every day　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　 D. put it into words

54.　　 The problem with the author before he overcame his fear of air travel is that

________．

　　　 A. he didn’t know air travel is safer than highway travel

　　　 B. he couldn’t imagine himself accomplishing his goal

　　　 C. he read too much about plane crashes and tried to avoid flying

　　　 D. he wanted to take a private plane instead of a public one

55.　　 What would be the best title for this passage?

　　　 A. Define Your Coal　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　

B. Visualize Rewards of Success

　　　 C. Overcome the Fear of Air Travel　　 　　　　　　

D. Sleepwalking Through Life

So long as teachers fail to distinguish（区别, 辨认） between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading．Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

　  Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

　  Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public observation.

　  If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them properly, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated(除去, 剔除). Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ______.

       A．it is one of the most difficult school courses　     

       B．students spend endless hours in reading

       C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance　

       D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading

The teaching of reading will be successful if ______.

　　A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　B．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable

According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______.

       A．children become highly motivated　　        

       B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

       C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge　

       D．reading enriches children’s experience

The main idea of the passage is that ______.

　　A．teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　C．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

D．reading is more complicated than generally believed

So long as teachers fail to distinguish（区别, 辨认） between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading．Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

　  Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

　  Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public observation.

　  If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them properly, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated(除去, 剔除). Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

1.The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ______.

         A．it is one of the most difficult school courses　         

         B．students spend endless hours in reading

         C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance　

         D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading

2.The teaching of reading will be successful if ______.

　　A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　B．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable

3.According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______.

         A．children become highly motivated　　            

         B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

         C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge　

         D．reading enriches children’s experience

4.The main idea of the passage is that ______.

　　A．teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　C．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

D．reading is more complicated than generally believed

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

he problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______________.

　　A. it is one of the most difficult school courses

　　B. students spend endless hours in reading

　　C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

　　D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading

.he teaching of reading will be successful if _______________.

　　A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable

The underlined word“ scrutiny” most probably means“______________”.

　　A. inquiry　　　　　　　　　　　 B. observation

　　C. control　　　　　　　　　　　 D. suspicion

According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______________.

　　A. children become highly motivated

　　B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

　　C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

　　D. reading enriches children’s experience

The main idea of the passage is that ______________.

　　A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

D. reading is more complicated that generally believed