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No one can fail to stand in awed ( 令人敬畏的 ) admiration of the great discoveries of history—Newton' s laws of motion; Kepler' s principles of planetary movement, Einstein' s general theory of relativity. Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting, theatre, music and literature, which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts. What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving?
A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity. The solution to a problem, we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight (顿悟) ”， although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time. As a particular form of problem solving, these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past, whether this be of the public" sort known to science, or of the "private" sort known to the artist.
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
52. Newton, Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to_______.
A. bring about the subject of the discussion
B. explain that scientists are more creative
C. show the difference between science and arts
D. prove that arts require more personal efforts
53. While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements, thinkers sometimes also depend on their______.
A. artistic tastes B. sudden insight
C. admiration of discoveries D. scientific experiments
54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
55. We may conclude from the passage that ______.
A.it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning.
B. a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries
C. scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature
D. knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation
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No one can fail to stand in awed（令人敬畏的）admiration of the great discoveries of history-Newton’s laws of motion , Kepler’s principles of planetary movement , Einstein’s general theory of relativity . Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting , theatre , music , and literature , which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts . What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving ?
A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity . The solution to a problem , we are told , often comes to thinkers in a “ flash of insight（顿悟）” , although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time . As a particular form of problem solving , these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past , whether this be of the “ public ” sort known to science , or of the “ private ” sort known to the artist .
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem , often over fairly long periods of time . Indeed , it would be strange if they had not done this . Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society . The act of discovery , even in the relatively predictable（可以预见的）sense that it occurs in everyday learning , involves（涉及）a “ sudden insight ” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation . As we have seen , everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past , which is involved in the solution .
1.Newton , Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to .
A. bring about the subject of the discussion B. explain that scientists are more creative
C. show the difference between science and arts D. prove that arts require more personal efforts
2.While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements , thinkers sometimes also depend on their .
A. artistic tastes B. sudden insight
C. admiration of discoveries D. scientific experiments
3.What does the underlined word “ this ” refer to ?
A. Great contributions to the society . B. Long-time study of the subject matter .
C. Various statements about problem solving . D. Complete devotion to artistic creation .
4.We may conclude from the passage that .
A. it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning
B. a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries
C. scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature
D. knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation
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(05·天津E篇)
No one can fail to stand in awed ( 令人敬畏的 ) admiration of the great discoveries of history—Newton' s laws of motion; Kepler' s principles of planetary movement, Einstein' s general theory of relativity. Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting, theatre, music and literature, which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts. What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving?
A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity. The solution to a problem, we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight (顿悟)，although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time. As a particular form of problem solving, these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past, whether this be of the ``public" sort known to science, or of the "private" sort known to the artist.
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this.. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
52. Newton, Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to_______.
A. bring about the subject of the discussion
B. explain that scientists are more creative
C. show the difference between science and arts
D. prove that arts require more personal efforts
53. While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements, thinkers sometimes also depend on their______.
A.artistic tastes
B.sudden insight
C.admiration of discoveries
D.scientific experiments
54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A.Great contributions to the society
B.Long-time study of the subject matter.
C.Various statements about problem solving.
D.Complete devotion to artistic creation.
55. We may conclude from the passage that ______.
A.it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning.
B.a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries
C.scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature
D.knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation
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will affect more than one hundred million people worldwide by the year twenty fifty. That would be four
times the current (现在的) number. Researchers and doctors have been studying Alzheimer's patients for
a century. Yet the cause and cure for the mental (智力的) sickness are still unknown. However, some
researchers have made important steps towards understanding it.
Several early signs of the disease involve (涉及) memory and thought processes. At first, patients have
trouble remembering little things. Later, they have trouble remembering more important things, such as the
names of their children.
There are also some physical tests that might show who is at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
The tests look for proteins (蛋白质) in brain and spinal cord fluid (脊髓). The proteins appear to be found
only in people with the disease. The protein tests correctly identify (确定) the presence of the disease in
about ninety percent of patients.
Now, a much simpler physical test to predict Alzheimer's risk has been developed. Researchers found
that trouble with the sense of smell can be one of the first signs of Alzheimer's disease. Using this information,
they developed a test in which people were asked to identify twelve familiar smells. These smells included
cinnamon (桂皮), black pepper, chocolate, paint thinner (涂料稀释剂), and smoke.
The study continued for five years. During this period, the same people were asked to take several tests
measuring their memory and thought abilities. Fifty percent of those who could not identify at least four of
the smells in the first test had trouble with their memory and thinking in the next five years.
Another study has shown a possible way to reduce a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's disease
in old age. Researchers in Chicago found that people who use their brains more often are less likely to develop
Alzheimer's disease. Those who read a newspaper, or play chess or word games are about three times less
likely to develop the condition.
Researchers say they still do not know what causes Alzheimer's disease. But they say these findings might
help prevent the disease in the future.
B. Some physical tests about Alzheimer's disease.
C. The research about Alzheimer's disease.
D. The patients of Alzheimer's disease.
B. 25 million
C. 400 million
D. 20million
B. Proteins exist in the brain.
C. Trouble with the sense of smell.
D. Less use of the brain.
B. Alzheimer's patients.
C. The cause and cure.
D. The research.
B. the people who often use their brains will not get Alzheimer's disease
C. researchers and doctors have found ways to cure Alzheimer's disease
D. the people who have the trouble with the sense of smell will certainly suffer from Alzheimer's disease