Question

 

No one can fail to stand in awed（令人敬畏的）admiration of the great discoveries of history-Newton’s laws of motion , Kepler’s principles of planetary movement , Einstein’s general theory of relativity . Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting , theatre , music , and literature , which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts . What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving ?

A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity . The solution to a problem , we are told , often comes to thinkers in a “ flash of insight（顿悟）” , although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time . As a particular form of problem solving , these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past , whether this be of the “ public ” sort known to science , or of the “ private ” sort known to the artist .

Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem , often over fairly long periods of time . Indeed , it would be strange if they had not done this . Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society . The act of discovery , even in the relatively predictable（可以预见的）sense that it occurs in everyday learning , involves（涉及）a “ sudden insight ” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation . As we have seen , everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past , which is involved in the solution .

1.Newton , Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to       .

A. bring about the subject of the discussion    B. explain that scientists are more creative

C. show the difference between science and arts D. prove that arts require more personal efforts

2.While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements , thinkers sometimes also depend on their        .

A. artistic tastes                              B. sudden insight    

C. admiration of discoveries                    D. scientific experiments

3.What does the underlined word “ this ” refer to ?

A. Great contributions to the society .         B. Long-time study of the subject matter .

C. Various statements about problem solving .   D. Complete devotion to artistic creation .

4.We may conclude from the passage that       .

A. it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning

B. a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries

C. scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature

D. knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.A

【详解】从全文可以知道，它主要讲述的是，科学家，艺术家他们的灵感，科学成就取得的方式。而提到这两个人是为了引出文章所要表达的中心议题。

2.B

【详解】从第二段we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight”可以知道他们有时是依靠他们的顿悟的。

3.B

【详解】从第三段的第一句，我们可以知道它在此处的意思应该是指长时间的学习研究。

4.B

【详解】从第二段第一句A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity .说明顿悟是一种体现，又从最后一段everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past，我们可以得出结论，科学家，艺术家他们的伟大发现既需要顿悟也需要他们过去的知识长期研究和思考。

【备考建议】

    近年来，高考题的阅读理解出现了以下特点：

*1、所选文章题材广泛、真实，内容贴近现代社会生活。涉及学生生活、社会关注的问题、语言和新闻方面的内容，关注社会和人文现象，有现代气息，语言原汁原味。

*2、文章类型多样化，有叙事、说明、议论及实用文体。

*3、从多个层面考查学生阅读理解能力，包括文章主旨大意、理解细节、根据上下文推断生词、词组意义，特别增加了对语篇深层内容理解的考查力度以及概括总结的能力。

建议考生多进行语篇的训练——这是做好完形、阅读理解和书面表达的关键，时刻要有文章整体的语篇理念，要从宏观入手去理解全文。同时，还得注意语速的强化——高考考场上的成败，速度起一定作用。平时要有意识地在阅读理解的基础上提速。