In 1990 a report was published about  1the earth might be like 20 years from then on．The report was a result of a three-year study．

       According to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2010 is not a  2one．The world will be more  3because the population will continue to grow．The population could be  46,300 million, almost 2,500 million more than in 1985．More people would move into cities,  5cities in developing countries．Such cities as Cairo and Jakarta probably would 6have 15 million by then．

       Food production will  7, but not enough to feed all the people．Farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 1985,  8most of the increase would be in countries that  9produce enough food for their people． 10increase is expected in South Asia, Africa and the Middle East．Poor farming ways are  11large areas of crop land, changing farms into deserts．More farmland is  12as cities become larger and more houses are built． 13will get worse as industrial countries burn more coal and oil．Many of the world’s forests could disappear as more and more trees  14．Energy will continue to be a serious problem．The experts say their picture of the earth for the year 2010  15．They only pictured the situation that  16today．By changing the situation, by  17the problems, the picture can be changed．There is  18time for nations of the world to 19a plan of action．But they warned that 20too long to make decisions would greatly reduce the chances of success．

1.A．that                       B．whether               C．how                    D．what

2.A．pleased                  B．pleasant               C．safe                    D．clean

3.A．dangerous             B．brilliant                C．crowded             D．awful

4.A．no more than         B．as many as       C．as much as          D．as large as

5.A．especially              B．specially           C．deliberately          D．apparently

6.A．none                     B．each               C．all                       D．neither

7.A．insist                     B．reduce              C．increase              D．continue

8.A．so                         B．but                C．or                       D．however

9.A．already                  B．hardly            C．partly                  D．never

10.A．Much                  B．More                   C．Heavy                 D．Little

11.A．destroying            B．protecting         C．disturbing            D．interrupting

12.A．saved                   B．lost                     C．discovered         D．used

13.A．Air pollution          B．Water pollution     C．Some diseases    D．All farmland

14.A．is cut across         B．is cut up              C．are cut down      D．are cut off

15.A．must be true         B．will come true      C．can’t be true      D．may be wrong

16.A．happens               B．develops              C．exists                D．appears

17.A．settling                 B．working out         C．answering          D．dealing

18.A．much                   B．still                     C．less                   D．fewer

19.A．work about           B．work at              C．work out           D．work for

20.A．working               B．suggesting        C．spending            D．waiting

When did you see a polar bear ? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps ? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These  “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3 degrees. And the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.

Doctors don’t agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body’s temperature drops so slow that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and the water tempreature is much greater in summer than in winter.

The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system (循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and could not try cold-water swimming.

The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all the year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, “When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”

1.Doctors _________ .

A. have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming

B. believe swimming is helpful both in summer and in winter

C. enourage people to take part in cold-water swimming

D. point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming

2.According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _______ .

A. Polar bears are bears swimming in freezing water    

B. cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high

C. you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue

D. cold-water swimming causes more heart attack in summer than in winter

3.The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for _______ .

A. it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter

B. they can stay young

C. they find it enjoyable and interesting

D. they might meet fewer troubles in life

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text ?

A.The Polar Bear is a club in which people swim to protect polar bears.

B. The club members are all over 60 years old.

C. There is no woman in the club.

D. None of the above.

5.This passage is mainly about _______ .

A. the requirements of the Polar Bear Club

B. a group of cold-water-swimming lovers

C. the Polar Bears’ life in New York

D. doctors’ ideas about cold-water swimming

"I have super powers," a girl named Megan whispers to her doctor in a recent TV show. That's her explanation for how she's able to stand painful cuts and being hit with a base-ball bat--all without feeling any pain.

Across the world about a few hundred people suffer from one of many disorders （紊乱） that make them completely unable to feel pain from the time they are born.

Now a new form of this disorder has been recognized among people from northern Pakistan, and scientists have tracked down the changed gene responsible for the condition. Their study could help researchers gain a better understanding of how pain works and may help them develop new medicine that may reduce pain with fewer side effects.

Researchers discovered the latest version of the disorder when they found a young street performer in Pakistan, sticking knives through his arms. Then they found six other people from three families in the same area who also had the disease.

These people were able to feel hot and cold, sense pressure, and could tell sharp objects touching their skin from blunt ones. They were all believed to be of only average intelligence. But none of them felt any pain. Surprisingly, the families were unrelated, but all of the sufferers had changes to the same gene. The changed gene causes a protein （蛋白质） to form part of a channel that is undoubtedly important for human sense of pain.

Early childhood can be awful for people without feeling any pain. They can bite endlessly on their tongues and fingers during teething, stick their fingers in their eyes, or suffer major injuries without noticing. The six people studied for the Nature paper all had injuries to their lips or tongues from biting themselves when they were young.

1．The study of feeling no pain might lead to __________.

A．our feeling pity for the patients      B．our helping the patients to recover

C．our removing pains in a better way  D．our curing illnesses more effectively

2．If one is born painless, his parents probably ____________.

A．have a normal sense of pain                 B．have a weak sense of pain

C．keep a strong sense of pain                 D．lack a natural sense of pain

3．It can be inferred from the passage that it's         for children who feel no pain.

A．lucky          B．natural           C．bitter                D．dangerous

4．The proper title for the passage is "Feeling No Pain: _______ ."

A．Cause of the Gene Disorder Still Unknown

B．New Disorder Found Throughout the World

C．Way of Dealing with It Studied in Pakistan

       D．New Form of Rare Gene Disorder Discovered

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．

       The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which was named after Catherine Kitty Genovese, a．young woman who was murdered on March 13, 1964．Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed（刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese]s repeated cries for help , none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called the police for help ．The attach first began at 3:20 , but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted the police．

       There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion（分散）of responsibility．Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．

       The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation, is ambiguous^ R^E^?）．In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnessing reported that they believed that they were witnessing a " lovers' quarrel" , and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．

The passage seems to suggest that Genovese might not have been murdered if there had been_____．

       A．no observer                 B．fewer observers 

       C．more observers ．   D．younger observers

Genovese was murdered                    .

       A．while she was going out        B．in her apartment

       C．halfway home           D．in front of her apartment ?

The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph probably refers to ____．

       A．not doing anything to help      B．behaving in correct ways

       C．taking action           D．murdering

We can learn from the passage that Genovese's neighbors didn't lend a hand partly because they ____．

       A．were afraid of being attacked by the murderer

       B．thought someone else might come to her rescue．

       C．didn't get along well with her

       D．were sure it was murdering