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A.　Goods for auction (拍卖) sales
　　B.　Definition of bidding
　　C.　Way to sell more goods by auction
　　D.　Auction sales in history
　　E.　Brief introduction to auctions
　　F.　Making a larger profit as an auctioneer
【小题1】______
Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands.
【小题2】 ______
The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increasing”. The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.
【小题3】 ______
Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art.
【小题4】 ______
An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in the order of numbers: he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in.
【小题5】 ______
The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the opponents among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other.

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    Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal – or at least many parts of it have．  1  ．Ideas about social class – whether a person is “working - class” or “middle - class” – are one area in which changes have been extremely slow．

    In the past, the working – class tended to be paid less than middle – class people．The trypical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting．

    The old style of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth．He was-and still is - inclined to take a longer-term view．Not only did he regard buying a house as a most important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important．     2    ．Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity （or the education and training） to make such long-term plans．

3   　．In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much as their middle – class supervisors （管理者）．Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow"．Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority（自卑感）．In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position．

4    ．They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary．There seems to be much less difference than in precious generations．   5   ．As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups．

A．Nowadays, a great deal has changed

B．Both of these provided him and his family with security

C．As a result, differences in life – styles and attitudes came into existence

D．However, we still have a wide gap between the well – paid and the low - paid

E．In recent years, the working – class people have begun to design long – term plans

F．In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned

G．The changes in both life – styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people

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　A major source of teen stress is the school exam，and test anxiety is not uncommon.When you recognize your teen is under stress，how can parents help your teen stay calm before an exam?
Be involved.Parents need to be involved in their teen’s work._1__What they look for is your presence—simply sit with them quietly.Communicate openly with your teen.Encourage your teen to express her worries and fears，but don’t let them focus on those fears.
Help them get organized._2_Together，you and your teen can work out a time­table in which she can study for what will be on the test.
Provide a calm setting.Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his privacy. Give them a nutritious diet.It is important for your teen to eat a healthy，balanced diet during exam times to focus and do her best.__3__If this happens，encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches.A healthy diet，rather than junk food，is best for reducing stress.
4__Persuade your teenager to get some sleep or do something active when she needs a real break from studying.Making time for relaxation is important in reducing stress.Help your teen balance her time so that she will feel comfortable taking time out from studying to spend time with friends or rest.
Show a positive attitude._5_Your panic，anxiety and blame contribute to your teen’s pressure.Make your teen feel accepted and valued for her efforts.Most importantly，reassure your teen that things will be all right，no matter what the results are.

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　 　 Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries.１ They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.

　 　 Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry.２　The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment．３ Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

　　　４ However,  these laws are not strict enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers.

　　　However, the responsibility does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. ５A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

Ｅ．The government should play an important role in controlling pollution.

Ｆ．Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物)．

Ｇ．The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either.