阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。

　　Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?

　　Many people are afraid to assert themselves(坚持自己的权利). Dr. Robert Alberti, author of “Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, ”thinks it's because their self-esteem (自尊) is low. “Our whole set-up makes people doubt themselves,” says Alberti. “There's always a ‘superior’ around-a parent, a teacher, a boss,-who ‘knows better’. These ‘superiors’ gain when they destroy your self-esteem.”

　　But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves. They offer “assertiveness training” courses-AT. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people.

　　In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear But AT uses an even stronger motive(动机)-the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.

1．The problem the writer talks about is that ________.

[　　]

A．some people buy things they don't want

B．some people are afraid to stick up for their rights

C．there are too many superiors around us

D．some people don't think highly enough of themselves

2．The cause of the problem talked about in this passage is that ________.

[　　]

A．some people have a low self-esteem

B．there is always someone around who knows better

C．people don't share enough

D．some people are too timid

3．The effect of our set-up on people is often to ________.

[　　]

A．make them distrust their own answers to problems

B．make things more favorable for superiors

C．keep them from speaking out as much as their superiors do

D．help them to learn to speak up for their rights

4．One thing AT doesn't do is ________.

[　　]

A．use the need of people to share

B．show people they have a right to be themselves

C．help people overcome fear

D．help people to assert themselves even if others suffer

第三部分　阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分, 满分40分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项。
A
While researchers have long shown that tall people earn more than their shorter counterparts, it's not only social discrimination that accounts for this inequality -- tall people are just smarter than their height-challenged peers, a new study finds.
"As early as age three -- before schooling has had a chance to play a role -- and throughout childhood, taller children perform significantly better on cognitive tests," wrote Anne Case and Christina Paxson of Princeton University in a paper published by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
The findings were based primarily on two British studies that followed children born in 1958 and 1970, respectively, through adulthood and a U.S. study on height and occupational choice.
Other studies have pointed to low self-esteem, better health that accompanies greater height, and social discrimination as culprits(罪犯) for lower pay for shorter people.
But researchers Case and Paxson believe the height advantage in the job world is more than just a question of image.
"As adults, taller individuals are more likely to select into higher paying occupations that require more advanced verbal and numerical skills and greater intelligence, for which they earn handsome returns," they wrote.
For both men and women in the United States and the United Kingdom, a height advantage of four inches equated with a 10 percent increase in wages on average.
But the researchers said the differences in performance crop up long before the tall people enter the job force. Prenatal care(产前护理) and the time between birth and the age of 3 are critical periods for determining future cognitive ability and height.
"Prenatal care and prenatal nutrition are just incredibly important, even more so than we already knew," Case said in an interview.
Since the study's data only included populations in the United Kingdom and the United States, the findings could not be applied to other regions, Case said.
And how tall are the researchers?
They are both about 5 feet 8 inches tall, well above the average height of 5 feet 4 inches for American women.
51. What can be learnt from the study of Anne Case and Christina Paxson is that ______.
A. the reason for lower pay for shorter people is social discrimination
B. taller children perform significantly better on cognitive test
C. tall people earn more than shorter counterparts
D. prenatal care and prenatal nutrition are less important than we already knew
52. Which period is the most important for determining future cognitive ability and height?
A. between age 3 and schooling         B. between birth and the age of 3
C. the whole childhood                   D. between 1958 and 1970
53. The underlined phrase “crop up” in the Eighth Paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. get in       B. rise up        C. come up       D. stand up
54. The best title for this passage would be _______.
A. Tall people earn more than shorter counterparts 
B. A study on height and occupational choice
C. The difference between tall people and short people 
D. Taller people are smarter

阅读下列短文, 从所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳答案

　Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it ?Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?

　Many people are afraid to assert themselves．Dr．Robert Albert, author of “Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back”, thinks it's because their self-esteem is low． “Our whole set-up is geared to make people distrust themselves, ” says Albert．“There’s always a superior around : a parent, a teacher, a boss---who knows better．　　 These superiors often gain when they ship away at your self-image．”

　But Albert and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves．They offer “Assertiveness Training”courses, “AT”for short．In the AT course people learn that they have a right to be themselves． They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so．They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people．

　In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear．A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear．But AT uses an even stronger motive---the need to share．The timid people speak out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels．

　Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image．If someone you face is more “important” than you, you may feel less of a person．You will start to doubt your own good sense．You go by the other person’s label．But, why should you?AT says you can get to feel good about yourself．And once you do, you can learn to speak out．

(1) The problem the writer talks about is that ______．

[　　]

A．some people buy things they don’t want

B．some people are afraid to speak out for themselves or to talk back

C．there are too many “chiefs” and not enough “Indians．”

D．some people don’t think highly enough of themselves

(2) The cause of the problem talked about in this passage is that ______ ．

[　　]

A．some people have a low self-image

B．there is alway someone around who “knows better”

C．salesmen talk people into buying things they don’t want

D．people don’t share enough

(3) The effect of our set-up on people is often to ______．

[　　]

A．make them distrust their own answres to problems

B．make things more favourable for “superiors”

C．keep them from knowing as much as their “superiors” know

D．help them to learn to speak up for their rights

(4) A good title for this passage could be ______．

[　　]

A．Stand Up, Speak Out, Talk Back

B．One Way to Overcome Timidity

C．The Problem of Learning

D．Protect yourself and your family

(5) “AT course” means ______．

[　　]

A．a course which helps you to assert yourself

B．a course in which you will learn the usage of prepositions

C．a course in which you will learn to fight against your enemy and your friends

D．a course which teaches you the knowledge of human life

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self - conscious; that is, they are concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?

　　It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A person's self - concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.

　　Shy people have low self - esteem (respect), are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing”. Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior(自卑).

　　They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one: “You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true.” It is clear that, while self - awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.

　　Can shyness be completely got rid of, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determination. It is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strength, for example, not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have to be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inferiority.

　　Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.

1．The first paragraph is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．the cause of shyness

B．the effect of shyness on people

C．the questions in the minds of shy people

D．the thoughts of shy people

2．According to the writer, self - awareness is ________.

[　　]

A．a weak point of shy people

B．the cause of unhappiness

C．a good characteristic

D．harmful to people

3．What is the shy people's reaction to praise?

[　　]

A．They feel it is not true.

B．They are very sensitive to it.

C．They feel they are worthy of it.

D．They are pleased with it.

4．We can learn from the text that shyness can ________.

[　　]

A．enable us to understand ourselves better

B．block our chances for a successful life

C．have nothing to do with lack of self - esteem

D．help to live up to our full development