Sharks have gained unfair reputation for being large fierce sea animals. That humanity’s unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures are leading to a worldwide slaughter (大屠杀) may result in the extinction of many larger, coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped (有偏见的) attitude of wildlife protection; we strive (努力) only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threat parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.

A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude towards another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States objected to the practice of hunting tuna (金枪鱼) in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in drift nets. In contrast to this effort, the populations of sharks in the Pacific Ocean have decreased to the point of extinction and there has been very little effort by the same environmentalism to save this important species of wildlife in water. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus performing an important role in nature of knocking out the weaker animals in a species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability to changing environment. It is time for humans, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate they are damaging the planet, to cast away their fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as creatures that may provide us with an insight into our own survival.

The best summary of the passage is __________.

   A. sharks have such a bad reputation

   B. how sharks become some of the oldest creatures on earth

   C. sharks should be put under wildlife protection

   D. the campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks

How long have sharks been living on the planet?

   A. More than 25 million years.

   B. More than 150 million years.

   C. More than 350 million years.

   D. More than 500 million years.

Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?

   A. Specific(细节) to general.                B. Cause and effect.

   C. Statement and example.                  D. Time order.

How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?

   A. They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.

   B. They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law.

   C. They created shelters where dolphin fishing was not allowed.

   D. They brought political pressure against tuna companies.

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey, meeting mates and protecting themselves. A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve to death. So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved. For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs. Then, as the animal gets scrawnier, it constructs a wider-meshed （网孔、网眼）web using fewer strands（线）. Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider. The spider stores energy by recycling web protein. It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk. In studies with radioactivity, labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day web. Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down. Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊推动物）. If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed, the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web. One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.

1.Which of the following best expresses the main ideas of the passage?

A. Secrets of Spiders' Adaptability

B. Importance of Webs to Spiders

C. Secrets of the Spiders' Life

D. Spiders' Highly Preprogrammed Brain

2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Most spiders will stop conducting webs when hungry.

B. One Web-building spider usually conducts one web. 

C. Web-building spiders will probably die without their webs. 

D. Web-building spiders have good eyesight.

3.The underlined word “scrawnier” in the second paragraph probably means ______. 

A. weaker but good-looking

B. fatter and stronger

C. nice and healthier

D. thinner and bony

4.A spider's ability to finish an incomplete web proves that ______.

A. it has a highly preprogrammed brain

B. it reuses its web protein to reproduce new silk

C. the web is everything for a spider

D. it is able to rebuild a destroyed web

In __________ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland.

A. a; the      B. the; a     C. the; the    D. a; a

In __________ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland.

A. a; the      B. the; a     C. the; the    D. a; a

Sharks have gained unfair reputation for being large fierce sea animals. That humanity’s unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures are leading to a worldwide slaughter (大屠杀) may result in the extinction of many larger, coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped (有偏见的) attitude of wildlife protection; we strive (努力) only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threat parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.
A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude towards another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States objected to the practice of hunting tuna (金枪鱼) in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in drift nets. In contrast to this effort, the populations of sharks in the Pacific Ocean have decreased to the point of extinction and there has been very little effort by the same environmentalism to save this important species of wildlife in water. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus performing an important role in nature of knocking out the weaker animals in a species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability to changing environment. It is time for humans, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate they are damaging the planet, to cast away their fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as creatures that may provide us with an insight into our own survival.
【小题1】 The best summary of the passage is __________.