Putting in water fountains(?????) at schools, and teaching children about the health benefits of water, could reduce their risk of getting extra pounds, reports a new study that is published in the latest issue of the journal pediatrics.

The findings are based on a survey in 32 elementary schools of two German cities, Dortmund and Essen. The researchers, led by Rebecca Muckelbauer, a nutrionist at the Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, weighed about 3,000 children, and asked them about their beverage(????) consumption.

At the beginning of the school year, the experts had water fountains added to 17 of the schools. The scientists also worked with teachers to carry out educational programs that promote the benefits of drinking water. In contrast to schools in the United States, there are very few schools in Germany that have water fountains.

At the beginning of the study, there were no big differences in the number of overweight children in different groups. But by the end of the school year, children in the schools with water fountains were 31 percent less likely to gain extra pounds, compared to kids who went to other schools, where water drinking was not encouraged.[???:?

Children in the schools with fountains, increased their water consumption from about 3 up to 4 glasses a day, while those in the other schools continued to drink an average of 3 glasses. Over the research, the number of overweight kids upped from 384 to 385 out of 1,641 at the schools with water fountains. In comparison, the number of overweight kids at the other schools increased from 339 to 364 out of 1,309, Dr. Muckelbauer said.

The experts cannot make any final conclusions and explain why the students who were encouraged to drink water were less likely to gain extra weight. Dr. Muckelbauer noted that according to a few other studies, drinking of water increases the rate at which calories are burned, while some other research suggested that water may temporarily decrease appetite.

1.According to the text, the journal Pediatrics__________.

A. may cover the subject of the health of children

B. mainly deals with the water drinking problem

C. is mainly about the mental health of kids

D. must be a journal entitled(???) by a school

2.What do we know about the survey from the text?

A. The teacher were also encouraged to drink water.

B. The students surveyed were all overweight.

C. It surveyed children in the countryside.

D. It lasted for a whole school year.

3.The fifth paragraph is mainly about __________.

A. the technique used in the survey     B. the benefits of the survey

C. the process of the survey           D. the result of the survey

4.What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A. Drinking water definitely decreases appetite.

B. Further research is needed to confirm the finding.

C. The experts will encourage all the students to drink water.

D. Why students drinking more get less pounds will be clear soon.

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually was made up of saying poetry aloud and giving speeches.

In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates(应试者) for the doctor’s degree.

Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, looks like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.

One type of test is sometimes called an “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

1.The main idea of Paragraph Three is that ___________ .

  A. workers now take examinations       B. the population has grown

  C. there are only written exams today     D. examinations are now written and timed

2.The kind of exams where students must select answers are ___________ .

  A. objective        B. personal        C. spoken       D. written

3.Modern industry must have developed ____________ .

  A. around the 19th century            B . before the Middle Ages

  C. in Greece or Rome                D. machines to take tests

4.It may be concluded that testing __________ .

  A. should test only opinions           B. should always be written

C. is given only in factories           D. has changed since the Middle Ages

Putting in water fountains(?????) at schools, and teaching children about the health benefits of water, could reduce their risk of getting extra pounds, reports a new study that is published in the latest issue of the journal pediatrics.

The findings are based on a survey in 32 elementary schools of two German cities, Dortmund and Essen. The researchers, led by Rebecca Muckelbauer, a nutrionist at the Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, weighed about 3,000 children, and asked them about their beverage(????) consumption.

At the beginning of the school year, the experts had water fountains added to 17 of the schools. The scientists also worked with teachers to carry out educational programs that promote the benefits of drinking water. In contrast to schools in the United States, there are very few schools in Germany that have water fountains.

At the beginning of the study, there were no big differences in the number of overweight children in different groups. But by the end of the school year, children in the schools with water fountains were 31 percent less likely to gain extra pounds, compared to kids who went to other schools, where water drinking was not encouraged.[???:?

Children in the schools with fountains, increased their water consumption from about 3 up to 4 glasses a day, while those in the other schools continued to drink an average of 3 glasses. Over the research, the number of overweight kids upped from 384 to 385 out of 1,641 at the schools with water fountains. In comparison, the number of overweight kids at the other schools increased from 339 to 364 out of 1,309, Dr. Muckelbauer said.

The experts cannot make any final conclusions and explain why the students who were encouraged to drink water were less likely to gain extra weight. Dr. Muckelbauer noted that according to a few other studies, drinking of water increases the rate at which calories are burned, while some other research suggested that water may temporarily decrease appetite.

1.According to the text, the journal Pediatrics__________.

A. may cover the subject of the health of children

B. mainly deals with the water drinking problem

C. is mainly about the mental health of kids

D. must be a journal entitled(???) by a school

2.What do we know about the survey from the text?

A. The teacher were also encouraged to drink water.

B. The students surveyed were all overweight.

C. It surveyed children in the countryside.

D. It lasted for a whole school year.

3.The fifth paragraph is mainly about __________.

A. the technique used in the survey     B. the benefits of the survey

C. the process of the survey           D. the result of the survey

4.What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A. Drinking water definitely decreases appetite.

B. Further research is needed to confirm the finding.

C. The experts will encourage all the students to drink water.

D. Why students drinking more get less pounds will be clear soon.

Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with  41  —an gang (团伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often   42   trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day   43    .

Those fun trips had a(n) 44  impact. A chance encounter(偶遇) in 2000 proved that. One day,  45  working security at a school basketball game, Moody noticed two young guys   46   .He sensed trouble between them.  47   one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug.” I   48   you. You took me    49   when I was in fifth grade. That was one of the  50   days of my life .”

Deeply touched by the boy’s word, Moody decided to create a foundation（基金会）that  51  teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw  52  there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging  53  on the kids,” says Moody.

By turning kids on to fishing, he  54  to present an alternative way of life, “When you’re sitting there waiting for a  55  ,”he says, “you can’t help but talk to each other, and such  56  can be pretty deep.”

“Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer（同龄人）pressures in high school,” says Michelle, 17 who  57  the first program. “And I was able to help my little brother  58  drugs.”

Moody faces   59   in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time.” I’m living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my   60   to give back,” Moody says.” If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.”

1.A. drinking       B．drug       C．security        D．smoking

2.A. ran into        B．got over    C．left behind      D．looked into

3.A．ahead        B．away       C．off            D．out

4.A．immediate    B．damaging    C．limited        D．lasting

5.A．once         B．while       C．since          D．until

6.A．quarreling     B．complaining  C．talking       D．cheering

7.A．Slowly       B．Suddenly    C．Finally       D．Secretly

8.A．understand    B．hear        C. see           D．remember

9.A．fishing       B．sailing      C．boating       D. swimming．

10.A．quietest       B．longest     C．best          D．busiest

11. A．connects      B．introduces   C．reduces       D．commits

12.A．where        B．unless       C．as            D．whether

13. A．impression    B．burden      C．decision      D．impact

14.A．asked        B．intended      C．pretended     D．agreed

15.A．solution      B．change       C．bite          D．surprise

16.A．concerns      B．interests      C．conversations  D．emotions

17.A. participated in   B. worked out    C. approved of    D. made up

18.A. misuse         B. avoid         C. tolerate       D. test

19.A. unemployment   B. challenge     C. competition    D. retirement

20.A. team           B. school        C. family        D. community

（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
先阅读短文，然后根据短文的内容判断正误，并将结果转涂到答题卡上。正确的涂A，错误的涂B。
As high school students, Sang Tian and Huang Yunru dreamed of attending one of the world’s top universities. They slaved over their studies and were in the end admitted to famous schools – only one turned out to be far more famous than the other, according to new ranking (排名)of Asia’s top schools.
Huang Yunru, 19, went to the University of Hong Kong, the No 1 school in Asia. Sang, also 19, went to Tsinghua University, which was ranked a disappointing 16th in Asia. When Sang heard the news, he couldn’t believe his ears. “What? How can it be?” he said, greatly surprised.
The new list of Asia’s top 200 universities was published last month by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), a UK-based career and education company. The ranking have started heated discussions among Chinese people, since the mainland’s top two schools – Peking University (PKU) and Tsinghua University – were not in the top 10.
Actually, this isn’t the first time that the schools have gone on poorly in regional or global ranking. The 2010 world university list released by the magazine US News & World Report ranked Peking University at 50th and Tsinghua University at 56th. They were the only two mainland schools in the top 100. Meanwhile, 37 US universities made the top 100 list. And three of 10 Hong Kong universities made the top 50.Chinese universities’ poor performance has saddened many students. “I can’t understand their standards,” said Sang. “At least we are a university with a long, proud history.”
According to the QS list, Chinese universities are doing OK in academic peer review, with both Tsinghua and Peking University scoring a full 100. But when it comes to student-to-faculty ratio（师生比）, their ranking drops, with Tsinghua at 22th and Peking at 23rd.John Hennessy, president of Stanford University, said at the Fourth Chinese-Foreign University Presidents Forum in early May that a lack of small-group discussions has seriously affected the teaching quality at Chinese universities. This has also resulted in students being afraid to question or challenge teachers.
【小题1】Peking University (PKU) and Tsinghua University were in the top 10 in the ranking of Asia’s top schools.
【小题2】There were no top 100 universities in the mainland according to the ranking.
【小题3】Hong Kong universities are doing much better than the Chinese mainland ones in the ranking.
【小题4】Peking University (PKU) and Tsinghua University are so famous that they are not worried about the result at all.
【小题5】 One of the reasons for the mainland’s universities’ disappointing ranking is that there are simply not enough teachers for the large number of students.