People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(体育馆). Here, people are learning on  climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.

How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness(保护带) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(绳索)tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.

Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.

1.What can we infer from the passage?

2.The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.

3.The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.

4.Why does the author write this passage?

B

Modern Manners

Philip Howard answers your questions on contemporary etiquette (礼仪)

Philip Howard,

When my friend and I (two ladies of a certain age) go out to have a meal, she always leaves an extremely large tip. At times, the tip will equal the amount of one of the main dishes—sometimes it comes to about 30 per cent of the bill. I feel 15—20 per cent is adequate for services offered and depending on the type of restaurant. At a cafe I would like to leave 15 per cent or a bit more depending on the service and etc. A larger tip would be appropriate if we are in a big city or a nicer place. My friend says “Well, I am sure they are not driving a Mercedes (奔驰汽车).” Well, neither am I, and how does she know? Who is correct and how can I make changes? I might add I do truly feel tipping should be based on good service, and also if you frequent a place and know the staff a larger tip is OK. I would never hesitate to tip a waitperson. I always leave to the higher side.  

Yours,

Barbara Bade

Barbara Bade,

Americans are more generous tippers than the British. I suspect that 10 per cent for a tip is about normal in the UK. Tipping is a strange survival in our age of supposed equality and minimum wages. Your friend has a generous nature and deep purse. I do not see why you cannot let her tip whatever she wants, and do your own thing. I agree that a tip should be a reward for good service and general good feeling. If the service is rotten and the meal a disaster, we should withhold a tip and explain why we are doing so. Few of us have the chutzpah (厚颜) to do this. Sensible restaurants have a box for tips, so that they are shared out among the staff, including those in the kitchens whom we do not see. (I trust that the management does not receive the money as extra profit.) I look forward to the day when waiters and other servants are paid a good enough living wage, so that they do not have to depend on the generosity of strangers to survive. To wait at table is just as honorable a way to earn a living in this wicked world. If you are pleased with the meal and cheerful service, you should tip as handsomely as your purse affords. I don’t suppose that your waiter / waitress is driving a Mercedes, even in the States. 

Yours,

Philip Howard

60. We can learn from the first letter that Barbara prefers ___________.

A. changing her own ideas on how to tip waiters

B. leaving a bigger tip to the familiar waitpersons

C. eating at a café rather than in a nice restaurant

D. saving as much money as possible for herself

61. It can be inferred that Barbara’s friend tips waiters heavily ________.

A. to show that she is well off                              B. because they are thought to be poorly paid

C. to show that she is generous                          D. because they have offered her full service

62. Besides quality of service, Philip regards __________ as principles of tipping.

A. taste of food and amount of one’s money

B. taste of food and the number of servants

C. generosity of strangers and the number of servants

D. amount of one’s money and generosity of strangers

Can you imagine that you can save your own life during a heart attack(心脏病发作) by coughing(咳嗽)? Let’s see how…

A heart attack can happen to anyone. Let’s say it’s 4:17 p.m. and you’re driving home (alone of course) after an unusually hard day on the job. Not only was the workload(工作负担) extremely heavy, you also had a disagreement with your boss, and no matter how hard you tried, he just wouldn’t see your side of the situation. You’re really upset and the more you think about it, the more nervous you become.

All of a sudden you start experiencing severe pain in your chest that starts to spread out into your arm and up into your jaw（下巴）. You are only about five miles from the hospital nearest your home, unfortunately you don’t know if you’ll be able to make it that far.

What can you do? You’ve been trained in CPR but the guy who taught the course didn’t tell you how to perform it on yourself.

Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, this article seems in order. Without help the person whose heart stops beating properly and who begins to feel faint（晕眩的）has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness. However, these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very powerfully. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and last long, as when producing sputum（痰）from deep inside the chest. A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without stopping until help arrives, or until the heart is felt to be beating normally again. Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs（肺）and coughing movements squeeze(挤压) the heart and keep the blood circulating.

The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm(节奏). In this way, heart attack victims can get to a phone and, between breaths, call for help.

Now, do you understand the whole matter? Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives!

According to the passage, CPR is most probably something done to       .

A. regain someone’s breath and heart beat  

B. help someone treat a heart attack by himself

C. teach people how to stay in good state  

D. train people how to stay calm when facing dangers

According to Paragraph 5, coughing during a heart attack helps        .

A. to relax the heart                     B. to get oxygen into the lungs

C. to keep the blood circulating            D. to reduce the pain in the chest

We can learn from the passage that          .

A. a long day’s work usually results in heart attacks  

B. not only the chest aches when one suffers a heart attack  

C. people should attend a CPR course to survive heart attacks

D. one should cough loudly immediately one’s chest aches

In which section of a newspaper can you read this passage?

A. Health Care        B. Advertisement.        C. Family.         D. Teaching.

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Invention is a creative process. An open and curious mind enables one to see beyond what is known. Seeing a new possibility, a new connection or relationship can spark(引发) an invention. Inventive thinking frequently involves combining concepts or elements from different fields that would not normally be put together. Sometimes inventors skip over the boundaries between separate fields. Ways of thinking, materials, processes or tools from one field are used as no one else has imagined in a different field.

  Play can lead to invention. Childhood curiosity like playing in a sand box, imagination can develop one’s play nature—an inner need according to Carl Jung. Inventors feel the need to play with things that interest them, and to explore, and this internal drive brings about interesting creations.

  Inventing can also be an obsession(痴迷). Inventors often imagine a new idea, seeing it in their mind’s eye. New ideas can arise when the conscious mind turns away from the subject or problem; or when the focus is on something else; or even while relaxing or sleeping. An unusual idea may come all of a sudden! For example, after years of working to figure out the general theory of relativity, the solution came to Einstein suddenly in a dream “like a giant die making an unforgettable impress, a huge map of the universe summarized itself in one clear vision”.

  Invention can also be accidental. Insight(洞察力) is also an important element of invention. It may begin with questions or doubt. It may begin by recognizing something unusual. It may be useful and it could open a new way for exploration. For example, the odd metallic color of plastic made by accidentally adding too much catalyst(催化剂) led scientists to explore its metal-like properties(性能). They then invented electrically conductive plastic and light emitting(散发) plastic—an invention that won the Nobel Prize in 2000 and has led to new kind of lighting, display screens, wallpaper and much more.

Title:    1. 

Many of us spend a great deal of time and energy trying to prove that we are right and others are wrong. Many people  21   that it’s their job to show others how their positions, statements, and points of view are   22   , and that on doing so, the person they are correcting is going to somehow  _23  it, or at least learn something. Wrong!

Think about it. Have you ever been  _24  by someone and said to him, “Thank you so much for showing me that I’m wrong and you’re right”? Or, has anyone you know ever   25  you when you corrected them, or made yourself “right” at their  26   ? Of course not. The truth is, all of us   27  to be corrected. We all want our position to be   28   and understood by others. Being listened to and heard is one of the greatest  29   of the human heart. And those who learn to  30   are the most loved and respected. Those who are in the   31  of correcting others are often resented(怨恨 ) and   32    .

A wonderful way for becoming more peaceful and loving is to practice   33    others the joy of being right ---give them the glory.   34  correcting. When someone says, “ I really feel it’s important to …”, rather than breaking   35   and saying, “No, it’s more important to… “, simply let it go and allow their statement to  36   . The people in your life will become less defensive and more   37   . They will appreciate you more than you could ever have   38   . You’ll discover the joy of joining in and witnessing other people’s   39   , which is far more rewarding than a battle of egos( 自我 ). Starting today, let others be  “ 40 ”  , most of the time.

1.A. believe          B. doubt          C. prove          D. tell

2.A. unimportant      B. unbelievable  C. incorrect      D. imperfect

3.A. consider         B. appreciate     C. understand   D. refuse

4.A. fooled           B. helped         C. taught         D. corrected

5.A. thanked          B. rewarded       C. cared          D. accepted

6.A. side             B. price          C. expense        D. value

7.A. like             B. hate           C. prefer         D. afford

8.A. admired          B. received       C. realized       D. respected

9.A. shortcomings     B. advantage      C. desires        D. wishes

10.A. talk            B. praise         C. help           D. listen

11.A. habit           B. form           C. position       D. purpose

12.A. punished        B. avoided        C. left           D. laughed

13.A. letting         B. lending        C. allowing       D. owing

14. A. Stop           B. Continue       C. Practise       D. Try

15.A. out             B. up             C. in             D. off

16. A. last           B. send           C. work           D. stand

17.A. helpful         B. loving         C. careful        D. popular

18. A. dreamed        B. requested      C. asked          D. demanded

19.A. sufferings      B. worries        C. progress       D. happiness

20.A. happy     B. right    C. sorry    D. proud