第一部分 完形填空（共两节, 20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
完形填空（1） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
If you wear socks on your ears, you won’t be punished. Crossing a street against a red light is another matter — it’s against the law. Laws are __1___________ rules made by governments. They keep peace and create order. __2___________ people break laws, their governments punish them. Long ago, people lived only in small tribal groups. They lived together, followed the same __3_____________, and worshipped the same gods. There were no formal laws. __4_____________, people were guided by their customs, morals, and religion.
Over time, cities began to form. Laws became more formal and were written down in legal codes. In about 1750 BC, the king of Babylon __5_____________ one of the first legal codes, the Code of Hammurabi. It listed certain crimes and told how they should be punished. The ancient Romans helped shape our modern view of law. In the 600s BC, citizens of Rome wrote down all of their basic laws on twelve bronze tablets. The Romans declared that no citizen, __6_____________ the ruler, was above the law. Modern law codes are rooted in the Roman system. Such law codes are statutory, meaning they are created and changed by legislatures, not by courts.
Another system of law __7_____________ later in England. Before the 12th century AD., each part of England had its own rules and customs. From the 12th century onward, England became a single nation. The courts of the land made sure people __8_____________ a common set of customs — the English common law.
Unlike the Roman system of law, the common law was never written down in one place. Instead, the courts made decisions about the law __9__________ earlier court decisions. Those decisions are called examples. Each case must be decided in the same way as earlier cases. But if a case has some new aspects, the decision made will set a new example. That way, courts gradually change the law __10____________ society changes.
1.    A. police               B. political                   C. official                     D. officer
2.    A. Unless                     B. Until                        C. Though                    D. When
3.    A. laws                        B. traditions                  C. action               D. principles
4.    A. Instead                     B. Including                 C. Besides                    D. Moreover
5.    A. imagined                  B. assumed                   C. created                     D. supposed
6.    A. except for                B. not even                   C. in addition to            D. besides
7.    A. took effect        B. made up                   C. got over                   D. picked up
8.    A. formed                    B. provided                  C. presented                  D. followed
9.    A. set about                  B. based on                   C. came to                    D. taken over
10.   A. before               B. after                        C. despite                     D. as

“Hey, Jenna, do you think we’ll still be friends when we’re eighty – two?” I asked my friend. It was clear she was wondering where I had come up with such a question. Losing Jenna would  be like losing a very close sister. We hung out together. We gave each other advice.
“Of course, we’ll still be friends when we’re eighty – two.” Jenna announced loudly.
The next year, in fourth grade, we met Jamie. The three of us soon became close friends. We played together almost every day. I thought even time couldn’t pull us apart, but I was sadly mistaken.
The three of us started fighting a lot. Before Christmas, we had a really big fight, and Jamie and Jenna were against me, both saying I was bossy. I felt helpless and lonely. I thought Christmas would be horrible!
I was surprised when Jenna came to my house and gave me an awesome Christmas card she had made for me. I was so sure that she was still disappointed with me.
“Wow, ” I said. breaking the silence as we stood on either side of my front door. “Thanks.”
“Okay…well…I have to go,” she said softly.
“Okay. See you late then…” and I closed the door.
“Who was that at the door?” my mum asked.
The card stared off with “Merry Christmas”, but then it said, “I am so glad we’re friends. I am sorry about what I said when we were fighting. A fight won’t stop us from being friends. Besides, we said we were going to be friends even when we’re eight – two.”
I stopped reading and started laughing. I couldn’t believe I had forgotten what she said that day in her back yard. I couldn’t believe I had been so selfish in trying to get even and making my friends feel sorry for me that I had forgotten about real friendship.
【小题1】How would the author and Jenna get along with each other after Christmas?

Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just__50__ and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. __51__ ,denying the existence of conflict results in couples _52___ to solve their problems at early__53__ ,which can then lead to even greater problems later on .Not surprisingly, expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的)satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behavior _54___ increases in marital satisfaction over time. Research suggests that working through conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction.
　　So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the other person’s point of view__55__ put yourself in his of her place. People who are _56___ to what their partner thinks and feels _57___ greater relationship satisfaction. For example, researchers found that among people in dating relationships  58____ marriages, those who can adopt their partner’s perspective show more positive emotions, more relationship-enhancing attributes and more constructive responses _59___ conflict.
　　Second, because conflict and disagreements are an __60__ part of close relationships，people need to be able to apologize to their partner for wrongdoing and __61__ forgiveness from their partners for their own acts. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line with this view, spouses（配偶） who are more forgiving show higher mental quality over time. Increasingly, apologizing can even have _62___ health benefits. For example, when people reflect on hurtful __63__ and grudges(怨恨)，they show negative physiological(生理的) effects, including __64__  heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they reflect on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving.

第二节：完形填空（共20小题，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Once an Arab was traveling in the desert. When the sun went down in the west, he stopped and 36 his tent then, made a fire and have a37 meal. When night fell, he 38 down to sleep.
He had 39 fallen asleep when he felt a soft 40 on his elbow(手肘). He woke up to find that his camel had put his head inside the tent. The camel said: “Would you please let me keep my head in the tent to get warm? It is so cold outside. I will not take up too much 41 .”
The Arab was a 42 man, “All right, do as you 43 .” he said. Then he turned on his 44 and went back to sleep.
It wasn’t long 45 he felt a push on his shoulder. It was the camel again. “Dear master,” the camel said, “my head is quite warm now, but my neck is still cold. Do you mind 46 I keep it inside the tent, too?”
“ 47 .” the man said. But this time he felt a bit 48, as camel had such a long neck.
No sooner had he shut his eyes 49 he got a harder push in his side. This time the camel said, “will you please allow me to bring my front legs inside and warm then a little?”
The Arab 50 over to one side of the tent. He made 51 as small as he could. It was not 52 comfortable, and sleep was now out of 53 .Soon after that the camel gave his a rough push and said, “The tent is too small for the two of us. 54 , my two hind legs are still left in the cold. It is only 55 that you should leave the tent wholly to me.” And with that, the camel kicked the poor man out.
16. A. built                   B. made                       C. put up               D. set
17 A. simple                 B. rich                         C. excellent               D. ordinary
18. A. laid                    B. lay                           C. lied                       D. went
19. A. seldom               B. not                          C. almost                   D. hardly
20. A. touch                  B. beat                         C. kick                      D. bite
21. A. place                  B. tent                          C. room                    D. blanket
22. A. hard-hearted     B. kind-hearted             C. absent-mined         D. careless
23. A. please                 B. willing                     C. are like                 D. want
24. A. light                   B. head                        C. arm                      D. side
25. A. after                   B. before                      C. since                     D. then
26. A. whether                 B. as                            C. that                       D. if
27. A. Yes, of course      B. No, not at all           C. Don’t. please         D. No, you can.
28. A. crowded             B. comfortable           C. warmer             D. narrower
29. A. than           B. then                         C. when               D. after
30. A. went                   B. walked                     C. climbed              D. moved
31. A. the tent.                 B. himself                    C. room               D. ground
32. A. very                   B. much                       C. a lot                D. a little
33. A. question              B. the question              C. quite possible        D. possibility
34. A. Except                B. Besides                    C. After all             D. But
35. A. unfair                 B. wrong                      C. reasonable          D. right

Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you．
The clock, called SteepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits ____（36） you to be in your lightest phase of sleep ____（37） rousing you．Its makers say that should ______（38） you wake up feeling refreshed every morning．As you sleep you pass____（39） a sequence of sleep states---light sleep, deep sleep and REM（rapid eye movement） sleep---that ____（40） approximately every 90 minutes．The point in that cycle at which you wake can ____（41） how you feel later, and may ____（42） have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept．Being roused during a light phase ____（43） you are more likely to wake up energetic．
SleepSmart ____（44） the distinct pattern of brain waves _____（45） during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped _____（46） electrodes and a microprocessor．This measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the ____（47） way as some machines used for medical and research ____（48）, and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed．You ____（49） the clock with the latest time at _____（50） you want to be wakened, and it _____（51） duly wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that．
The _____（52） was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island ____（53） a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test．“_____（54） sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of _____（55） to do about it．” Says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by students to develop their idea．