网址:http://m.1010jiajiao.com/timu3_id_2458556[举报]
阅读下文,完成文后各题。
“进化”不了的爱
孙君飞
进化论包含着残酷的丛林法则,也隐含着生命的自私自利性。一个生命个体要想很好地生存下去,必须要将自己变得更优秀,学会“排他”,否则优胜劣汰的只能是自己。不过,人们在观察工蜂时,惊讶地发现,它们并未受到进化论的影响,它们混沌若当初,或者说它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神,这使它们成为生命进化中的另类。
工蜂属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂,即便能够产卵,也只是没有受精的卵,因此它们自身没有繁殖能力。这种缺陷可怕而又不幸,然而工蜂对此无动于衷,甘愿终身携带着缺陷而生,从未奢望将自身进化得更完美更强悍。值得称道的是,工蜂的适应性反而很强大,它们拥有相当厉害的武器——毒刺,刺上长有倒钩,一旦“亮剑”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的双刃剑,在伤及侵害者的同时,自己的生命也面临着终结。
蜜蜂家族中令人难以置信的社会结构更加震惊着世人的心灵,在这里一切都那么井然有序,合乎“法则”,一切又那么一往情深,合乎“生命之爱”。蜜蜂的利他主义行为也许会让达尔文难以理解,失去繁殖能力却能够将各种特征和习性一代代传承下去的工蜂可能更让达尔文目瞪口呆吧。答案其实很简单,一切都源于蜜蜂与众不同的遗传结构。换言之,存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强,只有它们才会驱使工蜂去鞠躬尽瘁地照顾其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命,甚至为对方牺牲自己,却无怨无悔。
蜂后产下的受精卵天生高贵,常常会孵化出雌性幼蜂,而延续高贵的办法只有一个:它们只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王浆之后,才能发育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后,否则它们在长大后依然属于工蜂——从出生时开始,便将生命献给蜂群、终日辛劳的工蜂!
由于小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同,从身形外貌上看,彼此也几乎一模一样,这也许使工蜂顿感一阵甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然:站在我面前的,莫不是又一个“我”?我由此获得了新生,得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂养小蜂后的过程中,彼此的血缘关系升至最亲密最牢固。它们原本不是毫不相关的两个,而是见证生命延续、利他友爱的两个。因为相同的基因存活在它们的生命之中,工蜂在潜意识里将蜂后看得比自己的生命更为重要,为了对方、也为了另一个“我”和“我们”,它们可以在必要时完全放弃自己现实的生命及其未来。
(选自在《思维与智慧》有删节)
下列关于“工蜂”的表述,不符合原文意思的一项是
A.作为生命个体,工蜂的生命隐含着自私自利性,要想不被淘汰,它必须将自己变得更优秀,学会“排他”。
B.工蜂之所以成为生命进化中的另类,是因为它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神,并未受到进化论的影响。
C.工蜂的适应性很强,尾部长有倒钩的毒刺是相当厉害的武器,在伤及侵害者的同时,工蜂的生命也意味着终结。
D.从出生开始,就为蜂群而终日辛劳的工蜂,能把各种特征和习性一代代传承下去,靠的是与众不同的遗传结构。
下列有关“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述,符合原文意思的一项是
A.蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂,产下的受精卵天生高贵,孵化出雌性幼蜂,幼蜂长大以后就成为新一代蜂后。
B.工蜂自身没有繁殖能力,属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂,即便能够产卵,也只是没有受精的卵,不能孵化幼蜂。
C.存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强,它驱使工蜂分泌蜂王浆,鞠躬尽瘁地照顾和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。
D.蜂后负责产卵,工蜂负责喂养幼蜂,因而小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同,身形外貌上也几乎一模一样。
下列根据原文信息所作的推断,不正确的一项是
A.采粉、酿蜜、饲喂幼虫的工蜂是蜂群的主体,儿歌唱的“小蜜蜂,整天忙,采花蜜,酿蜜糖”,指的就是工蜂。
B.蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序,合乎“法则”,合乎“生命之爱”,人类如果借鉴了这种社会结构.可能会更有利于社会和谐。
C.为了蜂后和后代,工蜂不惜牺牲自己,是因为它们有奉献精神,潜意识里将蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。
D.工蜂一生从事的是利他的事业,而不是优化自己的结构来繁衍后代,从这一点来看, 达尔文的进化论“适者生存”不科学。
查看习题详情和答案>>第二节 补全对话。根据对话内容,从对话后的选项中选出最佳选项,并将其答案标号填入题后的空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
—Now, tell me about the man who stole your neighbour’s car. What did he look like?
—Well, sir. He was tall…
— 61
—Oh, yes, and he was younger than you—only about thirty, I’d say.
—Well! And what colour was his hair?
—It was brown, and short…it was similar to yours, actually.
— 62
—No, he was clean-shaven.
—OK. Now have a look at these photos—can you see him?
— 63
—But that’s Frankie Farnham—he’s got a beard, and he’s very short!
—Hm, well…
— 64
—Yes, the strongest thing was that he appeared to be a gentleman—he was wearing a suit…not like a thief at all.
—Hm, like this photo?
—Yes, that’s him!
—That’s Bill Mahony: he’s in prison! Are you sure you saw the thief?
— 65
|
A.No, I can’t. |
|
B.Taller than me? |
|
C.How tall was he? |
|
D.Did he have a beard? |
E.Well, er, it was very dark…
F.Oh, yes, he looked exactly like this one here.
G.Do you remember anything else about the man?
查看习题详情和答案>>
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分)
听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一道小题。从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
例:What is the man going to read?
A. A newspaper.
B. A magazine.
C. A book.
答案是A。
1.How fast can the woman type?
A. 15 words a minute.
B. 45 words a minute.
C. 80 words a minute.
2.Which program does the man like most?
A. Sports.
B. History.
C. News.
3.Which language does Mr. White speak well?
A. French.
B. Spanish.
C, Japanese.
4.What was in the woman’s missing bag?
5.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a classroom.
B. In a library.
C. In a bookstore.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,共22.5分)
听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6.What’s wrong with the man?
A. He has headaches.
B. He has a runny nose.
C. He has a temperature.
7.When did the problem begin?
A. Two weeks ago.
B. Two months ago.
C. Three months ago.
听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。
8.Why did the woman make the phone call?
A. To change her appointment.
B. To discuss a business plan.
C. To arrange an exhibition.
9.When are they going to meet?
A. Wednesday.
B. Thursday.
C. Friday.
听第8段材料,回答第10至11题。
10.What event will you take part in if you love to dance?
A. River Festival.
B. Youth Celebrations.
C. Songs of Summer.
11.What is the purpose of the announcement?
A. To introduce performers.
B. To introduce a program.
C. To introduce various countries.
听第9段材料,回答第12至14题。
12.How much are the double rooms?
A. From $180 to $ 240.
B. From $ 180 to $270.
C. From $270 to $330.
13.What is included in the price?
A. Service charge.
B. Breakfast.
C. Tax.
14.Why did the man make the phone call?
A. To ask for an extra bed.
B. To check the room rates.
C. To change his reservation.
听第10段材料,回答第15至17题。
15.What are the speakers talking about?
A. Picture books.
B. Reference books.
C. Cookbooks.
16.How much is Worldwide Fish?
A. £12.
B. £15
C. £17
17.Which books does the woman decide to buy?
A. Something Fishy.
B. Worldwide Fish.
C. Tasty Fish.
听第11段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What did Maria do right after graduation?
A. She entered politics.
B. She worked as a teacher.
C. She worked for her father.
19.Where did Maria set up her first coffee bar?
A. London.
B. Singapore.
C. New York.
20.How many coffee bars does she have now?
A. 10.
B. 80.
C. 85.
查看习题详情和答案>>
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
例:What is the man going to read?
A.A newspaper. B.A magazine. C.A book.
答案是A。
1.Where is the man from?
A.Atlanta. B.New York. C.Washington,D.C.
2.How much is the man’s telephone bill?
A.$50. B.$24. C.$30.
3.What does the woman want to watch?
A.News. B.“Animal World”. C.Movie.
4.Which apartment is the woman interested in?
A.The one-bedroom apartment.
B.The two-bedroom apartment.
C.The three-bedroom apartment.
5.What is the woman doing?
A.Giving advice.
B.Asking the way.
C.Making a request.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,共22.5分)
听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6.Why is the woman late?
A.She missed the bus.
B.She couldn’t start her car.
C.She couldn’t find the key.
7.Where are the two speakers?
A.At a garage. B.At a bus stop. C.At a restaurant.
听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。
8.What are the two speakers going to do?
A.Go shopping. B.Visit a church. C.See an exhibition.
9.What do we learn about the man?
A.He is a tour guide.
B.He works in a shop.
C.He lives in the city.
听第8段材料,回答第10至11题。
10.Who is going to give the speech?
A.Mark. B.Susan. C.John.
11.What is the speech about?
A.A project. B.A city. C.A job.
听第9段材料,回答第12至14题。
12.Where does the woman work?
A.Tokyo. B.London. C.Oxford.
13.What are the speakers going to do together tomorrow evening?
A.Visit Jane. B.Have dinner. C.See customers.
14.Who is probably Jane?
A.Tony’s customer. B.Tony’s boss. C.Tony’s wife.
听第10段材料,回答第15至17题。
15.Who is the woman talking to?
A.A student. B.A teacher. C.A secretary.
16.What does the man say about Frank?
A.He is quiet. B.He is active. C.He is honest.
17.What does the woman think good students should be like?
A.They should ask questions.
B.They should pay attention in class.
C.They should not be afraid of making mistakes.
听第11段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What does the man do?
A.A painter. B.An engineer. C.A weatherman.
19.What does the man say about his job?
A.Easy. B.Tiring. C.Dangerous.
20.Why does the man love his job?
A.He can stay in the mountains.
B.He can enjoy the beautiful view.
C.He can experience different weather.
查看习题详情和答案>>
阅读下面的短文,请根据短文后的要求将答案答题(请注意问题后的要求)。
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where
we've never been before. But just as in face-to-face communication, there are some rules of
behavior that should be followed when online.
The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. Imagine
how you'd feel if you were in the other person's shoes. For anything you're about to send: ask
yourself, "Would I say this to the person's face?" If the answer is "no", rewrite and reread.
Repeat the process till you feel sure that you'd feel comfortable saying the words to the
person's face.
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct(本能反应)is to fire back in the
same manner. But try not to do so. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat
software to block their messages. If it was caused by disagreement with another member,
try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions
of others in the chat room.
If you do decide to tell someone in the chat room about a mistake, point it out politely. At
the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that
you have offended.
It is not polite such as their age, sex, and marital status. Unless you know the person
very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don't ask such questions.
2. Why should we ask ourselves "Would I say this to the person's face?" when we are to send a
message online? (Please answer within 20 words.)
3. Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph to complete the sentence.(Please answer within
10 words.)
4. Which rule do you think is the best? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.)
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.