“All men are created equal” is one idea that nearly every American would agree upon.  36  they sometimes betray the idea in their daily lives, they have a deep faith  37  in some fundamental way no one is born superior to anyone else.

    In the early years of American history, because titles of nobility(贵族) were forbidden, no  38  class system developed in the United States. Firmly believing that being born into a lower class would not  39  them from success and they would have a better chance in America, thousands of immigrants   40  to leave the European societies, where their    41   in life was determined  42  by the social class into which they were born. It was because the dreams of many of there immigrants were   43  in their new country, though there might be  44  in some situations, that Americans came to believe in equality of opportunity.

    Americans do not mean that everyone should be  45  equal when they say they believe in equality of opportunity.  46  , they do mean that each person should have an equal chance for success. Abraham Lincoln once said, “We wish to  47  the humblest(最微贱的) man an equal chance to get rich with everybody else. When one starts poor, free society is  48  that he knows he can   49  his condition.”

    However, competition is the price to be   50   for his equality of opportunity. Americans match their energy and intelligence against that of others in a competitive contest for success, because they believe competition  51  the best in any person. Indeed, the pressure of competition causes an American to be   52  , but it also places a constant emotional stress on him. In fact, in a society that gives so much  53   to those “winners”,   54  does not compete successfully for whatever reason never  55  into it as well as those who do.

1.A．Since              B．As               C．Although         D．Because

2.A．what               B．that             C．as               D．which

3.A．normal             B．moral            C．formal           D．general

4.A．benefit            B．prevent          C．save             D．limit

5.A．forced          B．required         C．chose            D. looked forward

6.A．place              B．meaning          C．function         D．purpose

7.A．slightly           B．largely          C．originally       D．publicly

8.A．come true          B．ruined           C．succeeded        D．realized

9.A．excitements B．expectations          C. exceptions     D．disappointments

10.A．really            B．totally          C．actually         D．truly

11.A．Besides           B．Meanwhile        C．Moreover         D．Instead

12.A．allow             B．encourage        C．approve          D．share

13.A．so                B．the one          C．such             D．as

14.A．enjoy             B．better           C．maintain         D．stand

15.A．paid              B．asked            C．cared            D．sought

16.A．gives out         B．comes out        C．brings out       D．stands out

17.A．exhausted         B．energetic        C．realistic        D．effective

18.A．honor             B．pressure         C．happiness        D．burden

19.A．anyone            B．who              C．one              D．whoever

20.A．enters            B．fits             C．falls            D．matches

As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.

   The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.” In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body's condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.

1.In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ____.

A. good health is more than not being ill

B. drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful

C. regular health checks are essential to keeping fit

D. prevention is more difficult than cure

2.The underlined word “handicap” in the second paragraph probably means.

A. disability                B. advantage    C. difficulty                 D. benefit

3.According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ____.

A. to best satisfy their body's special needs

B. to strive to maintain the best possible health

C. to meet the strictest standards of bodily health

D. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure

4.According to what the author, which of the following groups of people would be inferred healthy?

A. People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.

B. People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.

C. People who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations.

D. People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.

Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.

In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.

Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.

In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.

Up to 90% of school leavers in major Asian cities are suffering from myopia ---short-sightedness, a study suggests. Researchers say the "extraordinary rise" in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light.

Eye experts say that you are short-sighted if your vision is blurred(模糊的) beyond 2m. It is often caused by an elongation（拉伸） of the eyeball that happens when people are young. According to the research, the problem is being caused by a combination of factors - a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light.

Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework. This in itself puts pressure on the eyes, but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes.

Cultural factors also seem to play a part. Across many parts of South East Asia, children often have a lunchtime nap. According to Professor Morgan they are missing out on natural light to prevent short-sightedness.

A big concern is the numbers of the students suffering from “high” myopia. One in five of these students could experience severe visual impairment(障碍) and even blindness. These people are at considerable risk—sometimes people are not told about it and are just given more powerful glasses—they need to be warned about the risk and given some self-testing measures so they can get to an ophthalmologist and get some help.

For decades, researchers believed there was a strong genetic component to the condition. But this study strongly suggests an alternative view. “Any type of simple genetic explanation just doesn’t fit with that speed of change; gene pools just don’t change in two generations. Whether it’s a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome, it really doesn’t matter, the thing that’s changed is not the gene pool---it’s the environment.”

1.As is mentioned above, which factor mainly results in students’ myopia in South East Asia?

A．Genetic faults of the people.               B．Elongation of the eyeball.

C．The shortage of outdoor light.              D．Lack of research into the problem.

2.Which of the following statements do you think agrees with Professor Morgan?

A．A lunchtime nap is helpful in reducing myopia.

B．Glasses keep myopia from getting even worse.

C．It’s necessary to treat myopia with an operation.

D．It’s of vital importance to reduce educational pressure.

3.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Gene remains the main cause of the long-standing problem.

B．The environment is to blame for the extraordinary rise in myopia.

C．Short-sightedness has nothing to do with changes in gene pools.

D．An environmental effect playing a sensitive genome counts.

4.What’s the best way to take care of your eyes according to the passage?

A．Equip the classroom with better lights.

B．Look at the sun from time to time.

C．Do eyes exercise regularly.

D．Spend more time in the open air.