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鼎在中国由来已久。它最初是古代的烹饪之器,相当于现在的锅,用以炖煮和盛放食品。鼎有三足圆鼎,也有四足方鼎。最早的鼎是粘土烧制的陶鼎,后来又发展为用青铜铸造的铜鼎。传说夏禹曾收九牧之金铸九鼎于荆山之下,以象征九州。自从有了禹铸九鼎的传说,鼎就从一般的炊器演变为传国的重器了。国灭则鼎迁,夏朝灭,商朝兴,九鼎迁于商都亳京;商朝灭,周朝兴,九鼎又迁于周都镐京。从商至周,都把定都或建立王朝称为“定鼎”。
鼎自从被视为传国重器、国家和权力的象征后,“鼎”字也被赋予了显赫、尊贵、盛大等政治引申意义。譬如一言九鼎、大名鼎鼎、三足鼎立等等。鼎是我国青铜文化的代表。它既是文明的见证,又是文化的载体。根据禹铸九鼎的传说,可以推想,我国早在4000多年前就有了青铜冶炼和铸造技术。
中国历史博物馆收藏的“司母戊”大方鼎就是商代晚期的青铜鼎,它呈长方形、四足,是我国现存最大的商代青铜器。鼎腹内有“司母戊”三字,是商王为祭祀其母戊而铸造的。清代出土的大盂鼎、大克鼎等都是西周时期的著名青铜器。鼎和其它青铜器上的铭文,记载了商周时代的典章制度和册封、祭祀、征伐等史实,而且还把西周时期的大篆文字传给了后世,形成了具有很高审美价值的金文书法艺术,鼎也因此更加身价不凡。
美学家李泽厚认为,中国青铜器以其特有的三足器——鼎为主要代表,器制沉雄厚实,纹饰狞厉神秘,刻镂深重凸出,是我国青铜冶炼和铸造技术最具审美价值的工艺品。现代汉字中的“鼎”字,虽然经过了甲骨文、金文、小篆、隶书等多次变化,但仍然保留着“鼎”这一事物的风范和形体特点,其物其字几乎融为一体,都有着丰富的文化内涵。鼎又是旌功记绩的礼器。周代的国君或王公大臣在重大庆典或接受赏赐时都要铸鼎,以记载盛况。这种礼俗在我国已传承至今。
由于自古以来,鼎就是我国一种庄严的重要礼器,象征着祖国昌盛、稳固、团结、统一
和权威,亦是和平、发展、昌盛的吉祥物代表,故在当今一些重大外交场合和国家的一些
重大政治活动中,都会由鼎来唱主角。
上世纪1995年10月2l日,在联合国总部纽约,为庆贺联合国50华诞,我国政府向联合国赠送一尊青铜巨鼎——世纪宝鼎。该“世纪宝鼎”是具有我国商周青铜工艺风格的艺术精品,采用整体铸造,一次浇注成功。鼎身高2.1米,象征2l世纪。姿呈三足鼎立,双耳高耸,满身纹饰。有金文:“铸赠世纪宝鼎,庆贺联合国五十华诞。”鼎底座高0.5米,2米见方,上铸56条夔龙纹饰,象征中华民族都是龙的传人。鼎的整个造型,雄伟祥和,气势宏大,古朴典雅,美观庄重。
2006年1月1日,我国以法律形式规定免征在我国已征收了2600年的农业税。同年9月29日,河北省灵寿县青廉村农民王三妮的一尊“告别田赋鼎”问世了。这是一位普通农民用中华民族最古老、最庄重的方式来铭记这一千古盛事。
下列对“鼎”的说明,不正确的一项是( )
A.鼎最初是古代的烹饪之器,后演变为国家和权力的象征。
B.鼎最早是用粘土烧制,叫陶鼎,大约在4000多年前发展为用青铜铸造的铜鼎。
C.鼎是我国青铜文化的代表,它既见证了中华古代文明,又传承了中华悠久文化。
D.鼎作为传国重器,是和平、发展、昌盛的吉祥物代表。
下列各项中不能表明“鼎是一种重要礼器”的一项是( )
A.商灭夏,九鼎迁于商都亳京;周灭商,九鼎又迁于周都镐京。
B.周代的国君或王公大臣在重大庆典或接受赏赐时都要铸鼎,以记载盛况。
C.我国政府向联合国赠送了“世纪宝鼎”,庆贺联合国50华诞。
D.河北省灵寿县农民王三妮铸“告别田赋鼎”,铭记我国免征农业税这一盛事。
下列表述符合原文意思的一项是( )
A.商周时代青铜器上的大篆铭文记载了当时的典章制度史实,形成了具有很高审美价值的金文书法艺术。
B.“司母戊”大方鼎是我国现存最大的商代青铜器,鼎腹内有“司母戊”三字,表明是商王为祭祀其母戊而造。
C.李泽厚认为,鼎以其器制沉雄厚实,纹饰狞厉神秘,刻镂深重凸出,成为我国最具审美价值的青铜工艺品。
D.“世纪宝鼎”是体现我国商周青铜工艺风格的艺术精品,其夔龙纹饰、三足鼎立造型均有丰富的文化内涵和象征意义。
查看习题详情和答案>>CBC is a famous air company which has over twenty planes carrying passengers and goods, flying along 12 fixed lines all over the world. Its service is very good but some passengers are still not satisfied with it and that is why in 2003 and 2004 the company received letters of complaints from consumers or passengers who pointed out over a dozen kinds of problems which are divided in groups in the following table. Those about passengers’ things carried by the plane are Baggage problems. Customer service refers to service work with passengers are not satisfied with. Over -sales of seats are about the fact that more seats are sold and as a result the plane is too crowded to be safe. Refund problems appear when passengers fail to receive the money paid back to them because of what they have lost. Fares are problems about the price of tickets.
Consumer Complaints Received By the CBC
Category(种类) |
2003 |
2004 |
Flight problems |
20.2% |
22.1% |
Baggage |
18.3% |
21.8% |
Customer service |
3.1% |
11.3% |
Over-sales of seats |
10.5% |
11.8% |
Refund problems |
10.1% |
8.1% |
Fares |
6.4% |
6.0% |
Reservation & Ticketing |
5.8% |
5.6% |
Tours |
3.3% |
2.3% |
Smoking |
3.2% |
2.9% |
Advertising |
1.2% |
1.01% |
Credit |
1.0% |
0.8% |
Special passengers |
0.9% |
0.9% |
Others |
6.0% |
5.3% |
Total Number of Complaints |
2,988 |
1,792 |
51.About how many complaints about Credit were received by the CBC in 2003?
A.28 B.29 C.30 D.31
52.By about what percent did the total number of complaints decrease from 2003 to 2004?
A.40% B.60% C.75% D.100%
53.If the circle graphs below show total consumer complaints for 2003, which graph shows a dark part that is about Flight problems and Refund problems together?
|
54.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the table?
a. In 2003 and in 2004, complaints about Flight problem, Baggage, and Customer service
together took about 50 percent of all consumer complaints received by the CBC Company.
b. The number of special passengers complaints was unchanged from 2003 to 2004.
c. From 2003 to 2004 the number of Flight problem complaints increased by more than 2 percent.
A.only a B.only b C.a and b D.a and c
55.From the passage we can know that .
A.customers are not satisfied with CBC
B.sometimes CBC sells more tickets than its plane’s fixed seats
C.CBC has more than twenty planes which fly to all the capital cities of the world
D.customers can only buy tickets with ready money
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For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span(寿命) means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change brings many problems for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,” says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’s (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学).www.zxxk.com
Lawyers can specialize in “elder law” which covers everything from trusts(信托) and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination. Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees(退休者) in human history. “Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,” one professor says.
Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria.” So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.”
1..“…Old is suddenly in” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means “_____”.
A. America has suddenly become a nation of old people
B. more elderly professors are found on American campuses
C. gerontology has suddenly become popular
D. American colleges have realized the need of getting older students
2.Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?
A. The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power
B. They can employ more gerontologists
C. Retirees are more generous in spending money
D. There are more elderly people working than before
3.Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?
A. Retirees who are business-minded
B. The volunteer workers in retirement homes
C. Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology
D. College graduates with an MBA or law degree
4..It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America’s elderly population ______.
A. will provide good job opportunities in many areas
B. will cause a heavy burden on society
C. may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination
D. will create new fields of study in universities
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短文写作 (共1题;满分25分)
假如你暑假期间要去英国Embassy English Language School (EELS) 进行短期学习。以下是英方学校寄给你的课程安排选择表。请你仔细阅读课表,按要求给校方回复一封信。
Schedule for EELS Summer English Courses | |||
English Courses | Total Hours of Study | Total Hours of Part-time Job | Date |
Six-week course | 120 | 48 | July 1 — August 15 |
Four-week course | 60 | No Job but Tour Instead | July 1 — August 1 |
Please include the following:
1. Your choice of the courses and possible reasons
2. Your present English level
3. Specific language skill you hope to improve
4. Other requirements
注意:1. 信的开头已为你写好;2. 词数:100左右
Dear Sir or Madam,
Thank you for your offer inviting me to the summer English course in your school.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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D
Cost of American Wars
War name | Cost of the war | Cost as a percent of annual GDP |
Revolutionary War | US $ 2.2 billion (in 2002 dollars) | 63% |
War of 1812 | US $ 1.1 billion | 13% |
Mexican War | US $ 1.6 billion | 3% |
Civil War | US $ 62 billion | 104% |
Spanish American War | US $ 9.6 billion | 3% |
World War I | US $ 190. 6 billion | 24% |
World War II | US $ 2.9 trillion | 103% |
Korean War | US $ 335.9 billion | 15% |
Vietnam War | US $ 494.3 billion | 12% |
First Gulf War | US $ 76.1 billion | 1% |
② 1 billion =" 1,000,000,000 " ③1 trillion = 1,000,000,000,000
69. Which wars cost more than a year’s worth of the GDP?
A. First Gulf War and World War I B. The Civil War and World War II
C. World War II and Revolutionary War D. Mexican War and Civil War
70. The American annual gross domestic product in 1951 was _________.
A. 2.239 trillion B.2.9 trillion C. 3, 25 trillion D. 76.1 billion
71. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Mexican War cost more than War of 1812.
B. First Gulf War cost the least in term of the percentage of the annual of GDP.
C. World War II cost more than Korean War.
D. Mexican War cost as much money as Spanish American War. 查看习题详情和答案>>