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同学
邓洪卫
许攸跟曹操是老同学。两人打小趴在一张课桌上念书。有什么好吃的分着吃，有什么好玩的一起玩。两人关系很铁。许攸喜欢叫曹操"阿瞒"，"阿瞒"是曹操的小名。两人还经常在一起谈论志向。许攸说，我想做一名太守，治理好一个州郡。曹操说，我想做一名宰相，治理一个国家。曹操便戏称许攸为太守，曹操还让许攸叫他宰相。但许攸还是叫他阿瞒。曹操说，你怎么不叫我宰相呢？许攸很为难地说，我叫你阿瞒已经叫顺嘴了，一时改不了口。曹操笑笑说，那你还叫我阿瞒吧。
多年以后，曹操果然做了宰相。许攸呢？在曹操手下做一个谋士。跟小时候一样，许攸还是称曹操为阿瞒。不光私下里这么叫，在许多公共场合下也这么叫。有一次，曹操为一件棘手的问题闹得焦头烂额，在相府开一个高级政治会议，参加会议的都是曹操手下的重要官员，气氛十分严肃。这时，许攸走到曹操跟前，拍着曹操的胳膊说，阿瞒，你怎么这么笨呢，简直是一头猪，你只须这么做，准能解决问题。一屋子的人都愣住了，很多人都面露不平之色。而曹操却哈哈大笑，没有丝毫不高兴。
谋士程昱来见曹操。程昱说，我听说，一个人的小名，只有在他未成年的时候才能使用，而这小名应该由他的父母长辈来称呼。许攸不过是您的一个同学，却多次在大庭广众之下，叫您的小名，无异于羞辱丞相。您为什么不怪罪于他呢？
曹操说，许攸不仅仅是我的同窗好友，而且是我的救命恩人。小时候，我特别顽皮。有一次，我爬到树上去摘桑葚吃，一不小心，跌到树下的污水塘里，是许攸把我从塘里拉出来，救了我一条命。许攸对我有救命之恩，怎么能因为他叫我小名，就治罪于他呢？
程昱说，自三皇五帝，礼仪一直传到今天。您作为一国的宰相，一人之下，万人之上，有着神圣不可侵犯的威严。许攸虽然跟您交谊深厚，但他依然只是您的一个下属而已，下属理所当然应该尊重上级，而不能因为救过您的命就可以随意冒犯您的威严。请丞相尽快制止他这种行为。
曹操说，一年有四个季节，四季有它不同的特点。每个人因为自己的生长环境不同而形成不同的习惯。许攸叫我的小名，只不过是他的一个习惯而已，这丝毫不影响他给我带来有益的一面。我记得当年我与袁绍战于官渡，两军相持不下，当时，我的粮草只够维持三天，是许攸从袁绍那边来投奔我，给我出谋划策，才使我一鼓作气打败袁绍，统一了北方。如果当初没有许攸，我早已被袁绍所灭，就不会有我今天宰相的职位，更谈不上宰相的尊严。与许攸的功劳相比，他叫我的小名是多么不足一论呀！
程昱不再说什么，只好退出去。许褚张辽等一些武将也多次来找曹操，都被曹操一一劝退。
这一年，许都大旱，粮食歉收。曹操问许攸该怎么办。许攸说，一方面，老百姓没有粮食吃；另一方面，达官显贵的家里却用成堆的粮食酿酒，造成许多粮食浪费。当务之急，是制止这种情况的发生。曹操立刻传令，全城从即日起禁酒，违法乱令者斩。曹操还让许褚、张辽等武将领兵昼夜巡城，如遇饮酒之人，就地正法。
晚上，曹操悄悄把许攸请进相府，说，别人不准饮酒，老同学例外，今日咱俩好好叙叙旧，一醉方休。
许攸点头，好，好，阿瞒，你想得真周到呀。
许攸晃晃摇摇离开相府，已是深夜，天空中一轮明月虚悬。许都城的街道清清白白。许攸伸伸胳膊，微风拂面，许攸关关节节都舒坦。
忽地，马蹄声疾。大将许褚奉丞相之命巡夜。
许褚令军校，将饮酒之人拿下。
许攸说，我跟阿瞒饮酒，何罪之有？
许褚手中长枪一抖，许攸象秋天的树叶，飘落在地上。
许攸的葬礼在一天清晨举行。全城的百姓都聚拢来争看这位据说是绝顶聪明的丞相的老同学。响器班在哀伤地吹打，城中最好的歌手在动情地唱着挽歌。曹丞相哭得最悲伤，几欲昏绝过去，旁边的侍从看他的嘴在不停嚅动着，终于努力听清他一遍遍念叨的是：今后谁还叫我阿瞒呀！
曹操被侍从强行拉出灵堂，文武也跟了出来。
最后走的是行军主簿杨修。
杨修拍了拍许攸的棺木，叹道，你是最聪明的人，也是最愚蠢的人。
杨修还说，丞相的话，你怎么能当真呢？
杨修说着，背着手，摇头晃脑地走了出来。
【小题1】解释下面语句在文中的含意。（4分）
旁边的侍从看他的嘴在不停嚅动着，终于努力听清他一遍遍念叨的是：今后谁还叫我阿瞒呀！
【小题2】结合全文，分析曹操的性格特点。（6分）
【小题3】杨修为什么说许攸是“最愚蠢的人”？(6分）
【小题4】根据小说结尾杨修的表现，推断杨修被杀的真正原因。（6分） 查看习题详情和答案>>
小题1:老师们总是为学生们的成功而感到骄傲。
The teachers are always __________ __________ the students’ success.
小题2:当有人伤害了我们，我们应该将其写在沙土上，让它随风而逝。
When someone hurts us, we should __________ it __________ in sand, and the wind can take it away.
小题3:这些日子我们所有的学生都忙于复习迎考。
All of us students were ___________ __________ for the exam these days.
小题4:我认为更多的人会戒烟，因为在公共场合抽烟是不被允许的。
I think more and more people will __________ __________ smoking because it’s not allowed in public.
小题5:怀特夫妇明天要么去参观乐山大佛，要么去参观峨眉山。
Mr and Mrs White will go to visit __________ Leshan Giant Buddha __________ Mount Emei tomorrow.
It is now lunchtime．Millie is talking with her classmates about the murder．Help them complete their sentences．
现在是午饭时间。米莉正在和他的同学谈论本次谋杀案。帮助他们完成句子。
Millie：Did you read about the computer programmer who was murdered? Someone attacked him with a(1)________ and he(2)________ to death．
Sandy：I read about it yesterday．It's very sad because he was so young．
Daniel：I heard that the victim was arrested before for computer crimes．
Millie：The police need to know more about the murder．They are asking people who saw anything(3)________ to be(4)________．They haven't(5)________ anyone yet, because they don't know who did it．
Sandy：They have a(6)________ but they said there was not enough(7)________ to arrest him．Anyway, he has evidence to prove that he was at another place at the time of the crime．He insisted that he is not(8)________．
米莉：你读了被谋杀的电脑程序员这篇文章吗？某人用刀子伤了他，以致他流血而死。
桑迪：我昨天读了。很令人悲伤，因为他太年轻。
丹尼尔：我听说受害人因为电脑犯罪被拘捕过。
米莉：警察需要了解更多的有关谋杀案的信息。他们叫那些看见可疑事情的人来作证人。他们还没控告任何人，因为他们不知道是谁干的。
桑迪：他们找到了一个嫌疑犯，但他们说没有足够证据来拘捕他。无论怎样，他有证据证明在案件发生的时候，他在另一个地方。他坚持认为他没有罪。
这一篇小故事，主人公是怀特夫人和她的小儿子．俩人对在网上玩游戏，持有不同观点，母亲怕儿子玩得太晚，影响休息；儿子则因为有了台好电脑，硬件好，内存大，各种软件和消毒盘齐全而玩得尽兴不已．这篇短文的取材时尚，内容与初中学生：年龄相吻合，容易引起他们的浓厚学习情趣．
“Tom? Are you in bed yet?” called Mrs White. There was no answer. Mrs White put down her book and went to her 14-year-old son's room Tome was sitting in front of a bright computer screen(屏幕) on which a colorful dragon(龙) jumped and shouted.
“Oh, Tom! You're still playing on that computer. You must stop now, it's half past eleven. If you don't go to bed soon, you'll be very tired tomorrow.” said Mrs White.
“But I've nearly beaten the dragon.” said Tom. Mrs White could see the excitement(激动) on her son's face. She sat down beside him.
“You are always playing on that computer. You spend more time with this machine than with your family,” she said with a smile. “What's so special(特别的) about it? Show me what it can do!”
Tom was very excited. “I think this is a great computer, Mum!” he said happily. “The hardware(硬件) is good. There's so much memory(内存) and it has some wonderful software programmes. This game, Dragonsplayer, is my favourite, but I sometimes borrow games from Danny and other friends. I don't have to worry about any infected(被感染的) disks(磁盘) because I have a virus(病毒) detector(监测器) which can go over any disk and check it for viruses. Let me show you!” Tom began tapping(敲打) keys on the keyboard(键盘). The screen changed in answer to his orders(命令).
“Oh, Tom,” laughed Mrs White. “I'm sure it's a wonderful computer, but I'm afraid I don't know what you're talking about.”
1．When Mrs White was calling Tom, he was ________.
[ ]
A．lying in bed reading a book
B．on the computer with a dragon
C．standing in front of the screen of the computer
D．playing computer games in his bedroom
2．From the passage we know that the story happened ________.
[ ]
A．before Tom went to school in the morning
B．before Tom went to bed at night
C．just as the dragon jumped and shouted
D．after Tom had slept for some hours in the evening
3．Tom was very excited because ________.
[ ]
A．he had a radio detector in his computer B：he was worrying about the infected disks
C．he had nearly beaten the dragon in computer game
D．his mother came upstairs to ask him to go to bed
4．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
[ ]
A．Tom liked playing computer games
B．Tom enjoyed playing with real dragons
C．Tom hated tapping on the keyboard
D．Tom hated teaching his mother how to play the computer
5．How did Tom get on with his mother?
[ ]
A．Mrs White was very hard on her son
B．Mrs White loved her son and took good care of him
C．Tom didn't want to talk about the computer with his mother
D．Tom thought his mother was as wonderful as the computer game
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