People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is reported that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", that is to say, they happen before people’s twenty-second birthday, often from born conditions, and are hard enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as movement, communication, occupation, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious" (偶然的), i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.
Before the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Improvements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic (基本的) needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unluckily, these basics are often not available. Human rights such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and achieve work have traditionally been not agreed on the basis of disability.
In recent ten years, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these disagreements of human rights. Congress(国会) replied by passing important laws recognizing(承认) people with disabilities as a protected group under human rights laws.
It is reported that more than half of qualified(有资格的) Americans with disabilities don’t have work, and a lot of those who do work are out of work. About two-thirds live at or below the official lowest level.
Obvious difficulties, especially in communication and public awareness(意识), prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer stopped by law from marrying, a person unable to communicate is excluded(排斥) from society and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.
Only when public attitudes(态度) advance as far as laws have, disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society.
【小题1】. A “developmental" disability ______.

Three days ago, the boss of a gold shop received a letter. As he was very busy, the letter was on his desk till dinner time. When he opened it, a $1000 note fell out onto the desk. With the note was a short letter:

Last month the manager（经理） of a jewelry shop ( 珠宝店) received a letter. As he was very busy then, the letter lay on his desk till tea-time. He opened it and a 10-pound note(票 ) fell out onto the desk. Within the note was a letter which said:

Dear sir:

In 1935 I got engaged(订婚 ). But unfortunately I lost my job. At the time a lot of people were out of work. Six months later I got a job again, but of course I was very short of money. I came to your shop to buy a wedding ring(婚戒 ). The assistant took out some rings for me to look at, but she was called away for a moment, and I put one of the rings in my pocket. When she came back, I said I didn’t know the size of my girl’s finger. So I left the shop without buying a ring. My wife died a short while ago and the fact that I never paid for the ring has been heavy in my heart all these years. At that time, the ring cost 2 pounds so I think it is 10 pounds at today’s price and I’m sending 10 pounds.

Yours truly,

A customer (顾客 )

1.What happened in 1935?

2. What do you think of the customer?

I was quite close to my grandmother, Julia. We lived with her and then she lived with us. She was a very nice person, both kind and patient. She taught me to read and write when I was young and helped me to be interested in stories and poems.

In my mind, my grandmother was a great cook. She cooked more delicious food than anything you can eat in a restaurant today. She always cooked for family and friends.

My grandmother was also a hard worker both at home and at work. I can still remember the difficult time when we were very poor. At that time, my grandmother was already sixty years old but she worked in a hospital for a long time every day –not in the office but doing the cleaning outside and taking care of me at the same time while my mom was at work!

My brother and sisters also love her. We will never forget our grandmother. She is really important in our lives and is always there for all of us in one way or another. I am proud to be her grandson.

1.The writer’s grandmother taught him to ______ when he was young.

A. read and write B. sing and dance

C. draw and sing D. play and learn

2.His grandmother always made _________ for family and friends.

A. cakes B. cards C. clothes D. meals

3.While his mom was _______ , his grandmother took care of him.

A. at home B. at work C. out of work D. in hospital

4.At the age of 60, his grandmother _______ in a hospital for a long time every day.

A. cooked meals B. worked in the office

C. did the cleaning D. stayed with his mother.

5.Which of the following is not TRUE?

A. His grandmother is hard-working.

B. Her grandchildren all love her.

C. His grandmother could read.

D. His grandmother worked in a hospital for taking care of him.

Last month the manager（经理） of a jewelry shop ( 珠宝店) received a letter. As he was very busy then, the letter lay on his desk till tea-time. He opened it and a 10-pound note(票 ) fell out onto the desk. Within the note was a letter which said:
Dear sir:
In 1935 I got engaged(订婚 ). But unfortunately I lost my job. At the time a lot of people were out of work. Six months later I got a job again, but of course I was very short of money. I came to your shop to buy a wedding ring(婚戒 ). The assistant took out some rings for me to look at, but she was called away for a moment, and I put one of the rings in my pocket. When she came back, I said I didn’t know the size of my girl’s finger. So I left the shop without buying a ring. My wife died a short while ago and the fact that I never paid for the ring has been heavy in my heart all these years. At that time, the ring cost 2 pounds so I think it is 10 pounds at today’s price and I’m sending 10 pounds.
Yours truly,
A customer (顾客 )
【小题1】What happened in 1935?