摘要: C.被派去打仗了.要用被动语态.

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乡村铁质
刘向民
①乡村是我永远的家园。在我全部的生活中,乡村是最重要的。
②虽然走进了城市,不可能与土地日日肌肤相亲,但我始终以农民的眼光审视乡村。乡村是城市的依托,没有乡村也就没有城市的存在,乡村是城市的母体,城市是乡村的延伸和延续。乡村是狗吠鸡鸣牛哞,是薄薄的晨雾和袅袅的炊烟,一条静静地流淌的小河,茂密的小草尖上晶莹的露珠闪耀着太阳的光彩。乡村的早晨是清新和鲜明的。
③走进田野,就走进了自我。一株株茂盛的高粱、谷子或者玉米,就是我们的兄长。闪着光芒的锄探进植物的根部,根系蔓延,锄的铁质意念就通过异常发达的根系蔓延了整个土地,广阔的原野处处闪耀着铁质的浑厚和沉重,所以我们收获的每一粒粮食、每一季粮食都包含着铁质。铁质沿着血管流动,扎根于我们的每一处神经,我们的脊梁才如此坚挺。
④粮食的存在,使乡村有了存在的充分理由。一茬一茬的庄稼,一茬一茬的人生,在乡村的蓝天下格外亮丽。已经死去多年的大树仍然直直地挺立,黑枯的树干直指青天,乡村中许多的构思和想象缘自树干的启迪。镰刀闪着铁质的锋利,农民的梦想始终与庄稼有关,一头牛与一架犁在土地深处探寻,浑黄或者黝黑的土壤蕴涵着无穷的力量,只要播下种子,幻想就无可阻挡地蓬勃起来了。土地时刻迸发着铁质的响声。
⑤土地养育了庄稼,也养育了整个乡村。乡人们的性格和作为,任何时候都充满着铁质,欢喜时会无所顾忌地畅心大笑,发怒时会打上一架,或者跑到村街上不明不白地骂上一场,悲哀时会痛痛快快淋漓尽致地大哭一场,然后又执著地走进田野,走进劳作,一切都毫无遮遮掩掩。嫉恶如仇,旗帜鲜明,高昂的气概和高亢的声音比得过任何烦琐深奥的说教。他们不怕风,不怕雨,不怕雷鸣;他们饮风露餐,吃得下千般苦,受得住万般罪,他们常说“没有吃不了的苦,没有受不了的罪”。年景的丰歉和日子的辛苦都是岁月的点缀,他们从不怨天尤人,总是日出而作,日落而息。沿着太阳的方向走进田野,走进庄稼地里,走进乡村深处的每一个细节,使乡村的每一刻都充充实实和铿锵有声。哪怕只是一声劳动的号子,也如雷鸣一般响亮;哪怕只是向前迈出一步,也如山一般稳重;哪怕只是一个耕或者种的手势,也都是乡村的经典动作。乡村,处处铁质,铁质处处。
⑥乡村是农民的部落。城里人已经厌烦的事情,乡村还在喜欢或者也早已厌烦,喜欢的是一种没有丢失的乡村质朴,厌烦的是曾经生活在乡村里的城里人的矫作。城里人始终也在吃着乡村的粮食,但缺少了乡村的铁质。铁质似乎已被城里人丢失殆尽。我们是否要寻找乡村的铁质,使乡村铁质在城市里闪烁,应该是我们思考的问题。
⑦乡村是我们生存的依托,也是城市生活的依据,没有了乡村就没有城市。是否有人为城市一天天侵占乡村沾沾自喜呢?如果缺少了乡村,缺少了乡村铁质,我们将会更加颓废,城市也将因此而变的莫名其妙地失去方向。因此,不论生活在乡村还是城市里的人们,都不能忘记永远的乡村铁质,它是我们永远的支撑,我们永远的方向。
【小题1】下列对散文的分析,不正确的两项是(5分) (  )(  )
A.文章开篇作者说:“乡村是我永远的家园。在我全部的生活中,乡村是最重要的。”这一行文的好处是开门见山,直接抒发了作者对乡村的热爱之情。
B.在第三段作者运用比喻的手法把高粱、谷子、玉米等农作物比作了自己的兄弟,细致入微地描写了它们正在健康成长的模样。
C.第五段作者运用排比修辞,使文章的行文充满气势,生动地写出了在充满铁质的乡村中生活的农人们旺盛的生命力和他们坚强、直率、质朴的性格。
D.作者用饱含深情的笔墨,描绘了乡村生活的图景以及在乡村中生活着的人们,凸显了乡村“处处铁质,铁质处处”的风貌。
E.乡村是“我”永远的家园,“我”的根在乡村;城市是宁静美好乡村的对立面,让人厌恶,文章处处都有“我”对城市和城市文明的批判。
【小题2】结合全文谈谈乡村具有怎样的意义?作者在行文中着重描写了乡村的土地,有怎样的目的?(6分)
【小题3】谈谈你对文中划线句的理解。(6分)
①只要播下种子,幻想就无可阻挡地蓬勃起来了。(3分)
②走进乡村深处的每一个细节,使乡村的每一刻都充充实实和铿锵有声。(3分)  
【小题4】文章的最后一段有什么作用?文章中的“铁质”具有其特殊的象征意义,根据你对文章的品读,谈谈对“铁质”象征意义的理解。(8分)
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中国人失掉自信力了吗
鲁迅
  ①从公开的文字上看起来:两年以前,我们总自夸着“地大物博”,是事实;不久就不
再自夸了,只希望着国联,也是事实;现在是既不夸自己,也不信国联,改为一味求神拜佛,
怀古伤今了——却也是事实。
②于是有人慨叹曰:中国人失掉自信力了。
③如果单据这一点现象而论,自信其实是早就失掉了的。先前信“地”,信“物”,后来
信“国联”,都没有相信过“自己”。假使这也算一种“信”,那也只能说中国人曾经有过“他
信力”,自从对国联失望之后,便把这他信力都失掉了。
④失掉了他信力,就会疑,一个转身,也许能够只相信了自己,倒是一条新生路,但不
幸的是逐渐玄虚起来了。信“地”和“物”,还是切实的东西,国联就渺茫,不过这还可以
令人不久就省悟到依赖它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛,可就玄虚之至了,有益或是有害,一时
就找不出分明的结果来,它可以令人更长久的麻醉着自己。
⑤中国人现在是在发展着“自欺力”。
⑥“自欺”也并非现在的新东西,现在只不过日见其明显,笼罩了一切罢了。然而,在
这笼罩之下,我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。
⑦我们从古以来,就有埋头苦干的人,有拚命硬干的人,有为民请命的人,有舍身求法
的人,……虽是等于为帝王将相作家谱的所谓“正史”,也往往掩不住他们的光耀,这就是
中国的脊梁。
⑧这一类的人们,就是现在也何尝少呢?他们有确信,不自欺;他们在前仆后继的战斗,
不过一面总在被摧残,被抹杀,消灭于黑暗中,不能为大家所知道罢了。说中国人失掉了自
信力,用以指一部分人则可,倘若加于全体,那简直是诬蔑。
⑨要论中国人,必须不被搽在表面的自欺欺人的脂粉所诓骗,却看看他的筋骨和脊梁。
自信力的有无,状元宰相的文章是不足为据的,要自己去看地底下。
                             九月二十五日。
【小题1】.作者批驳的观点是什么?确立的观点又是什么?(4分)
【小题2】.文章由直接反驳转到间接反驳起过渡作用的是第几段?它在内容上是怎样承上启下的?请结合原文作答。(5分)
【小题3】.联系全文,对“埋头苦干的人”、“拼命硬干的人”、“为民请命的人”、“舍身求法的人”的共同特征概括错误的一项是(  )(2分)
A.他们都是中国的脊梁。
B.他们有确信,不自欺。
C.他们前仆后继的战斗。
D.他们总不为大家所知道。
【小题4】.文章⑦—⑨段反复强调“中国的脊梁”,表达出作者怎样的思想感情?(4分)
【小题5】.今天的中国正在各个领域展现出国民的自信力,请依照例句按要求续写。(5分)例句:杨利伟,用自信的挥手代表了中国航天科技的高度;
续写:                                                              
                                                              
他们都                                 
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Reuben, a 12-year-old boy, saw something in a shop window. But the price ---five dollars--- was far beyond his means. He couldn't ask his parents' for the money. His father made a living through ____35____ in Bay Roberts. His mother, Dora, tried hard to feed and clothe their five children.

Hesitating(犹豫) for a few seconds, he opened the ____36____ and talked to the shopkeeper.“…I don't have the money right now. Can you please ____37____ it for me?" "I'll try," the shopkeeper smiled.

Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap and walked out. Hearing the sound of hammering from a side street, he suddenly had an idea. He ran towards the sound and stopped at a construction site (建筑工地). Reuben knew he could collect the discarded nails(被丢弃的钉子) and sell them to the factory for five cents ____38____ .

He looked for nails until sunset. Then he ran to the factory and sold them. Reuben tightly clutched(握紧)the five-cent pieces and ran home. He found a rusty iron can and dropped his ____39____inside. Then he rushed into the barn (谷仓) near his house and hid it. It was dinner time when Reuben got home. His father sat at the big kitchen table, working on a fishnet. Dorawas at the kitchen stove, ready to ____40____ dinner as Reuben took his place at the table. Looking at his mother, Reuben smiled.

Every day after school, Reuben searched the town, keeping to his ____41____ task. Finally, the time had come! He ran into the bam, uncovered the can, poured the coins out, began to count.  .

He still needed 20 cents! He had to sell four nails ____42____ the day ended. Rushing to the town, Reuben searched every comer. The shadows were lengthening(影子拉长)when Reuben arrived at the factory. The man at the factory was about to ____43____ .

"Please, Mister. I have to sell these nails now - please."

'Why do you need this money so ____44____ ?"

"It's a secret."

The man took the nails, reached into his pocket and put four coins in Reuben's hand.

Clutching the can tightly, Reuben ____45____ for the shop.

"I have the money," he solemnly told the owner.

Back home, his mother was cleaning the kitchen. "Here, Mum! Here!" Reuben shouted as he ran to her. He placed a small box in her roughened hand. She unwrapped it carefully. A blue-velvet jewel box appeared. Dora ____46____ the lid(盖子).Tears began to blur(模糊)her vision. In gold lettering on a small, almond-shaped brooch(胸针) was the word Mother.

It was Mother's Day, 1946.

35. A. farming               B. driving           C. fishing       D. cleaning

36.A. door                 B. shop            C. window      D. box

37.A.wrap                 B. watch           C. take         D. hold

38. A. each                 B. any             C. either        D. all

39.A. nails                 B. cans             C. coins        D. dollars

40. A. have                 B. serve            C. give         D. help

41. A. basic B. secret C. exciting       D. surprising

42. A. before                B. after             C. when        D. while

43.A.call up                B. look up           C .clear up       D. turn up

44. A. immediately        B. hurriedly          C. badly        D. hardly

45. A. went                 B. looked        C. paid         D. headed

46.A. moved                B. pulled            C. broke        D. lifted

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Most middle school students wear uniforms. Some students like uniforms,  26  others don’t. However, recently, a Japanese government survey(政府调查)  27  that more students in Japan like uniforms now  28  school uniforms are more fashionable (时尚的) than they were before. I surveyed some Japanese students about  29  they thought about school uniforms. I asked them, “ Are fashionable uniforms popular or not?” There were lots of different opinions (观点,看法). Hiromi said, “I like school uniforms because I don’t need 30  clothes every day. I think that fashionable uniforms are  31 . My high school uniform is fashionable, but there is a  32 . Fashionable uniforms are too expensive.”

Miki said that she didn’t like fashionable uniforms because she didn’t want to spend so much money 33 uniforms. She thought that the uniforms should be changed (被改变). They should be cheaper and easier to get.

Mitsuaki said, “ I don’t like school uniforms because I want to look  34 . I also agree that fashionable uniforms make many students want to  35 uniforms in high school. If students like fashionable uniforms, it is good.”

(  ) 26. A. and    B. but              C. or              D. so

(  ) 27. A. shows   B. tells             C. speaks              D. talks

(  ) 28. A. before  B. when            C. because          D. so that

(  ) 29. A. why     B. how             C. where              D. what

(  ) 30. A. choose  B. to choose         C. choosing         D. chose

(  ) 31. A. good     B. bad             C. well             D. old

(  ) 32. A. question  B. word            C. thing            D. problem

(  ) 33. A. in        B. for              C. on              D. at

(  ) 34. A. the same   B. different          C. happy           D. same

(  ) 35. A. wear    B.show       C. make        D. spend

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In China, more and more middle school students are getting shorter sleeping time than before. Most students sleep less than nine hours every night, because they have much homework to do. Some homework is given(被给出) by their teachers, and some by their parents. Also, some students don't know how to save time. They are not careful enough while they do their homework, so it takes them a lot of time. Some students spend too much time watching TV or playing computer games. They stay up (熬夜) very late. Some students have to get up early every morning on weekdays to go to school on time by bus or by bike. It can be a long way from home to school.

Schools and parents should cut down (减少)some of the homework so that our children can enjoy more than nine hours of sleep every night for their health. For children, we should make best use of our time. When we have enough time for sleeping, we will find it much better for both our study and health.

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并在答题卷上按要求作答。

71.What makes most students sleep less than nine hours every night?

  A. Watching TV.           B. Playing computer games.

  C. Doing their homework.       D. Doing housework.

72.Who else gives children some homework to do?

A. Their parents.           B. Other students.

C. The children themselves.       D. Nobody else.

73. How many hours of sleep is good for students' health?

A. Less than 9 hours.          B. Over 9 hours.  

C. Only 9 hours.            D. 8 hours.

74. Sleeping enough is much better for          .

  A. our study         B. nobody

C. our health         D. both our study and health

75.Which of the following is NOT true?

  A. Students should have enough time for sleeping.

  B. All the students should stay up late for their homework.

  C. Children should be given less homework.

  D. Schools and parents should take care of children.

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