If women are mercilessly exploited(剥削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability(稳定耐用)? That is for you to decide

  1. 1.

    Designers and big stores always make money_________

    1. A.
      by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
    2. B.
      because they are capable of predicting new fashions
    3. C.
      because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing
    4. D.
      by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing
  2. 2.

    To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as ___________

    1. A.
      a waste of time
    2. B.
      a waste of money
    3. C.
      an expression of taste
    4. D.
      an expression of love beauty
  3. 3.

    New fashions in clothing are created for ___________

    1. A.
      an important contribution to society
    2. B.
      the women's strength of character
    3. C.
      basic qualities of inconstancy and instability
    4. D.
      the commercial exploitation of women
  4. 4.

    By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" (Line One to Line Two, Paragraph Four),
    the writer means that ___________

    1. A.
      men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion
    2. B.
      women are better able to put up with discomfort
    3. C.
      men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
    4. D.
      women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

As China becomes increasingly urbanized (城市化), it has to find space for its urban and rural citizens as both groups become increasingly integrated. Experts suggest a possible model way may be “re-inventing” a “garden city”.
China’s mega-cities are bursting at the borders and the country is now undergoing the quickest and biggest urbanization in the history of mankind. It is estimated that by 2025, China will have 400 million more people living in its cities, raising its urban population to 900 million. Besides, new satellite towns are mushrooming on the urban fringes while city ring roads are rippling outwards into the countryside at amazing speed. Satellite maps collected by Professor Joshua Bolchover at the University of Hong Kong bring the problem sharply into focus. They track the changing rural-urban framework in the past 30 years, and suggest that cities are cruelly destroying surrounding rural land and rapidly reducing the amount of arable (可耕种的) land, which gives way to new residential blocks, new industrial zones, new financial centers and the other inevitable signs and signatures of economic growth.
This, however, is not sustainable growth pattern, especially when China has the world’s largest population to feed. So concerned urban planners are starting to note the social and physical effects of diaspora (大移居) when replaced rural communities are forced into the cities.
On the other hand, a trend of thought is gradually taking shape and this is the concept of the “garden city”, a combination of country and city that is being proposed by architects and city planners. Hua Li, from Tao Architects, is among the many professionals with such a voice. His argument is supported by a long-term study on this subject. As Hua says, the answer is to preserve patches of productive farmland within urban boundaries. Less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city. And urban farmland can also be showcased for agricultural tourism and education.
The concept is already practiced at the grassroot level. Agriculture has gone into the air, up to roof and balcony in some communities in the cities. It’s common to see organic “hanging garden” on the roof of some traditional courtyard home. According to some people, the rooftop project translate to tangible (=" practical)" benefits, such as safe, nutritious vegetables, a cooler home in summer. Some say thanks to the tomatoes they plant that are natural insect killers, there’re fewer mosquitoes. Apart from these, it also contributes to better bonding with neighbors. Zhang, a doctor in Beijing, began creating his hanging garden five years ago. Since his garden became home to 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit --- all enough to feed his family, neighbors have enjoyed dropping by for a relaxing chat or just to see how well the lovely vegetables and fruit are doing.
Although people like Zhang are still rare and the greening of roof space with vegetables and fruit takes skill and energy, with more positive media exposure and advanced technology there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future. By then, cities will no longer look so gray when seen from the satellites

  1. 1.

    Some experts suggest re-inventing a “garden city” because ______

    1. A.
      it is the only model way to save the cities
    2. B.
      it helps stop destroying the rural areas
    3. C.
      increasing urbanization takes place in China
    4. D.
      China has the largest population to feed
  2. 2.

    What is the purpose of paragraph 2?

    1. A.
      To show the experts’ concern about the increase of population
    2. B.
      To persuade people into supporting economic growth in cities
    3. C.
      To explain the reasons for the change of rural-urban framework
    4. D.
      To inform the readers of the consequences of quick urbanization
  3. 3.

    In Hua Li’s opinion, a combination of country and city will ______

    1. A.
      benefit the environment and lower living costs
    2. B.
      become a project that needs a long-term study
    3. C.
      lead to more rural communities being replaced
    4. D.
      attract more farmers to take tours in cities
  4. 4.

    Zhang is mentioned (Paragraph 5) to show that ______

    1. A.
      he achieves his dream to own a hanging garden
    2. B.
      hanging gardens are becoming more popular
    3. C.
      the garden contributes to a better neighborhood
    4. D.
      he is a pioneer to practise the gardening concept
  5. 5.

    As for the concept of the “garden city”, the writer feels ______

    1. A.
      desperate
    2. B.
      hopeful
    3. C.
      disappointed
    4. D.
      concerned
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