Should e­cigarettes (electronic cigarettes) be a new choice for the smokers trying to get rid of the habit? Reactions from Americans are mixed.More than half of the people questioned in a survey think e­cigarettes should be controlled by the US Food and Drug Administration，but 47 percent believe the e­cigarettes should be available to the smokers who want to quit.
“In the hunt for a safer cigarette，e­cigarettes are becoming a popular choice among those either trying to quit or looking to replace standard tobacco smoke with an alternative that manufacturers claim to be safer，” Zogby International，which conducted the survey，said in a statement.
About half of the 4,611 adults who took part in the survey had heard about e­cigarettes，which are battery­powered，or rechargeable cigarettes that vaporize a liquid nicotine solution.They do not produce smoke but a water vapor without smell.Sold mostly on the Internet，e­cigarettes were first made in China.
Last year the World Health Organization (WHO) warned against using e­cigarettes，saying there was no evidence to prove they were safe or helped smokers break the habit.The WHO said people who smoke e­cigarettes breathe in a fine fog of nicotine into the lungs.
Nearly a third of people questioned in the survey think that e­cigarettes should be allowed in places where smoking is forbidden，because they don’t produce smoke，but 46 percent disagree.Men who were aware of the availability of e­cigarettes were more likely than women to say they should be a choice available to smokers who want to quit.Young people，aged 18-29，and singles were the groups most open to trying e­cigarettes.Smoking is the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide，according to the WHO.

  1. 1.

    What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

    1. A.
      American smokers ought to try e­cigarettes.
    2. B.
      Americans have different opinions about e­cigarettes.
    3. C.
      Every kind of cigarettes should be forbidden in America.
    4. D.
      Most of the Americans don’t like e­cigarettes.
  2. 2.

    According to Zogby International，e­cigarettes ______.

    1. A.
      are much safer than common cigarettes
    2. B.
      are popular among people who want to quit smoking
    3. C.
      will take the place of traditional cigarettes
    4. D.
      are produced in a safer way by manufacturers
  3. 3.

    What do we know about e­cigarettes from the passage?

    1. A.
      Most Americans are familiar with them.
    2. B.
      They are a good choice as there is no nicotine.
    3. C.
      They produce a water vapor that can’t be seen.
    4. D.
      Most people buy them on the Internet.
  4. 4.

    What’s the attitude of the WHO towards e­cigarettes?

    1. A.
      Negative
    2. B.
      Supportive
    3. C.
      Doubtful
    4. D.
      Indifferent

Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What’s to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive (自我毁灭的) acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.
According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.
Think back to the time you took your very first sip (啜饮) of beer. Disgusting, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (诱惑) you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.
Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (讽刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.
These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.

  1. 1.

    What do most people think causes bad behavior?

    1. A.
      Being forced by others.
    2. B.
      Not having enough will power.
    3. C.
      Enjoying their first experiences.
    4. D.
      Following the examples of their friends.
  2. 2.

    The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ____.

    1. A.
      will power helps develop bad habits sometimes
    2. B.
      drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers
    3. C.
      self-control should be developed when one is young
    4. D.
      everyone can be challenged by different temptations
  3. 3.

    In the last paragraph, the author stresses that ____.

    1. A.
      without self-control, no one can succeed
    2. B.
      bad habits don’t always lead to bad results
    3. C.
      applying self-control correctly is important
    4. D.
      people can develop wisdom from bad behavior
  4. 4.

    What would be the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      My First Sip of Beer
    2. B.
      Do You Have Will Power ?
    3. C.
      Will Power Benefits Us
    4. D.
      Dark Side of Self-control

To swim across the English Channel takes at least nine hours. It‘s hard work and it makes you short of breath. To fly over the channel takes only twenty minutes as long as you’re not held up at the airport， but it‘s an expensive way to travel. You can travel by hovercraft （气垫船）if you don’t mind the noise and that takes forty minutes. Otherwise， you can go by boat， if you remember your sea-sickness pills. All these means of transport have their problems， and the weary（厌烦的）traveler often dreams of being able to drive to France in his own car. “Not possible， you say. Well， wait a minute. People are once again considering the idea of a channel tunnel or bridge.” This time， the great London Council（议会）is looking into the possibility of building a channel link straight to London. A bridge would cost far more than a tunnel， but you would be able to make a journey by rail or by car on a bridge， yet a tunnel would provide a rail link only. Why is this idea being discussed again？ Is Britain realizing the need for links with Europe as a result of joining EEC？Well， perhaps， the main reason， though， is that a tunnel or bridge would reach the twenty square kilometers of London‘s discussed dockland（船坞）。 A link from London to the continent would stimulate（刺激） trade and revitalize（使重新具有活力）the port， and would make London a main trading center in Europe. With a link over the Channel， you could buy your fish and chips in England and be able to eat them in France while they are still warm！

  1. 1.

    From the lines we can see that people crossed the Channel by ______ in the past.

    1. A.
      air
    2. B.
      boat
    3. C.
      swimming
    4. D.
      A， B， or C
  2. 2.

    The weary traveler thinks the best way to cross the Channel is ______.

    1. A.
      by swimming
    2. B.
      in his own car
    3. C.
      by air
    4. D.
      by hovercraft
  3. 3.

    A tunnel would cost______ a bridge.

    1. A.
      far less than
    2. B.
      as much as
    3. C.
      far more than
    4. D.
      as little as
  4. 4.

    The main idea of the passage is______.

    1. A.
      how to develop the trade of London
    2. B.
      when to cross the Channel
    3. C.
      how to get to Europe from London more conveniently
    4. D.
      what to do in the developing of traveling

A programmer and an engineer are sitting next to each other on a long flight from Los Angeles to New York. The programmer leans over to the engineer and asks if he would like to play a fun game. The engineer just wants to take a nap, so he politely declines and rolls over to the window to catch a few winks.
The programmer persists and explains that the game is really easy and has a lot of fun. He explains, “I ask you a question, and if you don’t know the answer, you pay me $5. Then you ask me a question, and if I don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you $5.” Again, the engineer politely refuses and tries to get to sleep.
The programmer, now somewhat agitated, says, “OK, if you don’t know the answer you pay me $5, and if I don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you $50!” This catches the engineer’s attention, and he sees no end to this torment(折磨) unless he plays, so he agrees to the game.
The programmer asks the first question. “What’s the distance from the earth to the moon?” The engineer doesn’t say a word, but reaches into his wallet, pulls out a five dollar bill and hands it to the programmer. Now, it’s the engineer’s turn. He asks the programmer, “What goes up a hill with three legs, and comes down on four?” The programmer looks up at him with a puzzled look. He takes out his laptop computer and searches all of his references. After about an hour, he wakes the engineer and hands him $50. The engineer politely takes the $50 and turns away to try to get back to sleep. The programmer, more than a little miffed, shakes the engineer and asks, “Well, so what’s the answer?” Without a word, the engineer reaches into his wallet, hands the programmer $5, and turns away and goes back to sleep.

  1. 1.

    What’s the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      A Boring Conversation
    2. B.
      A Fun Game
    3. C.
      A Trick During The Flight
    4. D.
      A Question Without Answer
  2. 2.

    What’s the meaning of the underlined work “agitated”?

    1. A.
      Angry.
    2. B.
      Excited.
    3. C.
      Surprised.
    4. D.
      Curious.
  3. 3.

    What kind of person is the programmer according to what he said?

    1. A.
      Confident.
    2. B.
      Selfish.
    3. C.
      Greedy.
    4. D.
      Generous.
  4. 4.

    What can we infer according to the last sentence?

    1. A.
      The engineer has little money with him.
    2. B.
      Actually the engineer doesn’t know the answer, either.
    3. C.
      The engineer is bored with programmer.
    4. D.
      The engineer beats the programmer at last.
  5. 5.

    Which is NOT true according to the passage?

    1. A.
      In the beginning the engineer is not interested in the game.
    2. B.
      The engineer is too sleepy to want to play the game.
    3. C.
      At last the engineer gains $45 from the programmer.
    4. D.
      Nobody knows the answer to the engineer’s question.

The key to happiness is how quickly you can get back your focus on what’s important.
----Anonymous
Sixteen years ago I learned this lesson in the back of a New York City taxi cab. Here's what happened. I hopped in a taxi, and we took off for Grand Central Station. We were driving in the right lane when, all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver slammed on his brakes, skidded, and missed the other car’s back end by just inches!
The driver of the other car, who almost caused a big accident, started yelling bad words at us. My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. And I mean, he was friendly. So, I said, "Why did you just do that? This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to the hospital!" And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call "The Law of the Garbage Truck."
Many people are like garbage (rubbish) trucks. They run around full of garbage, full of frustration, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump it. And if you let them, they'll dump it on you. When someone wants to dump on you, don't take it personally. You just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. You'll be happy with what you did.
I started thinking, how often do I let Garbage Trucks run right over me? And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people at work, at home, or on the streets? It was that day I said, "I'm not going to do anymore."
Successful people do not let Garbage Trucks take over their day. What about you? If you let more garbage trucks pass you by, you'll be happier. Life's too short to wake up in the morning with regrets. So, Love the people who treat you right. Forget about the ones who don't.

  1. 1.

    What happened one day when the author was taking a taxi?

    1. A.
      The taxi almost hit another car.
    2. B.
      The taxi driver was injured.
    3. C.
      The author scolded the driver of the other car.
    4. D.
      The author learned a lesson from the driver of the garbage truck.
  2. 2.

    How did the taxi driver respond to the behaviour of the driver of the black car?

    1. A.
      He yelled back at the driver.           
    2. B.
      He sent the driver to the hospital.
    3. C.
      He was friendly towards the driver. 
    4. D.
      He dumped some garbage in front of his car.
  3. 3.

    What does the taxi driver think of people according to Paragraph 3?

    1. A.
      Many people like to drive garbage trucks.
    2. B.
      Many people dump garbage wherever they like.
    3. C.
      Many people are warm-hearted to make others happy.
    4. D.
      Many people tend to be very much depressed.
  4. 4.

    What can we infer from Paragraph 4?

    1. A.
      The author used to have a lot of garbage trucks.
    2. B.
      The author used to complain a lot.
    3. C.
      The author used to have a lot of money.
    4. D.
      The author used to be a good manager.
  5. 5.

    According to the passage, what should you do if people “dump garbage” on you?

    1. A.
      Ignore them and go on with our own work.
    2. B.
      Try our best to persuade them not to do that again.
    3. C.
      Tell them to dump the garbage in the right place.
    4. D.
      Take over their work and carry the garbage to somewhere else.

Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea.People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.
At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea.Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added.She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.
At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?

    1. A.
      The Britons got expensive tea from India.
    2. B.
      Tea reached Britain from Holland.
    3. C.
      The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.
    4. D.
      It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.
  2. 2.

    This passage mainly discusses_____________.

    1. A.
      the history of tea drinking in Britain
    2. B.
      how tea became a popular drink in Britain
    3. C.
      how the Britons got the habit of drinking tea
    4. D.
      how tea-time was born
  3. 3.

    Tea became a popular drink in Britain.

    1. A.
      in eighteenth century
    2. B.
      in sixteenth century
    3. C.
      in seventeenth century
    4. D.
      in the late seventeenth century
  4. 4.

    People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because.

    1. A.
      it tasted like milk
    2. B.
      it tasted more pleasant
    3. C.
      it became a popular drink
    4. D.
      Madame de Sevinge was such a lady with great social influence that people tried to copy the way she drank tea
  5. 5.

    We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of ________.

    1. A.
      a famous French lady
    2. B.
      the ancient Chinese
    3. C.
      the upper social class
    4. D.
      people in Holland

Jack used to curse(咒骂) the front yard as if it were a living thing. He was the man who lived with my grandmother for thirty years. He was not my grandfather, but an Italian who came down the road one day, selling fruit in Florida.
Jack stopped at my grandmother’s house to sell her some oranges just a stone’s throw from downtown Miami, and he was delivering her whiskey a week later. He stayed for thirty years. Jack hated the front yard because he thought it was against him. There had been a beautiful lawn(草坪) there when Jack came along, but he let it wander off into nothing. He refused to water it or take care of it in any way.
Now the ground was so hard that it gave his car flat tires(轮胎) in the summer. The yard was always finding a nail to put in one of his tires or the car as always sinking out of sight in the winter when the rains came on. The lawn had belonged to my grandfather, who lived out the end of his life in an insane hospital. It had been his pride and joy and was said to be the place where his powers came.

  1. 1.

    It can be inferred that the real reason Jack had problems with the yard was that _______.

    1. A.
      he didn’t like the lawn.
    2. B.
      the author’s grandfather was against Jack working on the lawn
    3. C.
      the lawn was full of living things
    4. D.
      he himself did not take care of the lawn
  2. 2.

    We can learn from the passage that when the lawn belonged to the author’s grandfather, it had been _______.

    1. A.
      beautiful
    2. B.
      worn out
    3. C.
      wasted
    4. D.
      full of nails
  3. 3.

    What do we know about Jack and the author’s grandfather?

    1. A.
      They both hated the front lawn.
    2. B.
      Jack was jealous of the author’s grandfather.
    3. C.
      They sold fruit in Florida.
    4. D.
      They came from Italy and lived together.

The most frightening words in the English language are, “Our computer is down.” You hear it more and more when you are on business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to Washington and the girl in the ticket office said, “I’m sorry, I can’t sell you a ticket. Our computer is down.”
“If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket.”
“I can’t write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so.”
I looked down on the computer and every passenger was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, “What do all you people do?”
“We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not.”
“So when it goes down, you go down with it.”
“That’s good, sir.”
“How long will the computer be down?” I wanted to know.
“I have no idea. Sometimes it’s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There’s no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since it’s down it won’t answer us.”
After the girl told me they had no backup(备用) computer, I said. “Let’s forget the computer. What about your planes? They’re still flying, aren’t they?”
“I couldn’t tell without asking the computer.”
“Maybe I could just go to the gate and ask the pilot if he’s flying to Washington, ” I suggested.
“I wouldn’t know what gate to send you to. Even if the pilot was going to Washington, he couldn’t take you if you didn’t have a ticket.”
“Is there any other airline flying to Washington within the next few hours?”
“I wouldn’t know, ” she said, pointing at the dark screen. “Only ‘IT’ knows. ‘It’ can’t tell me.”
By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.

  1. 1.

    The best title for the article is _______.

    1. A.
      When the Computer Is Down
    2. B.
      The Most Frightening Words
    3. C.
      The Computer of the Airport
    4. D.
      Asking the Computer
  2. 2.

    What could the girl in the ticket office do for the passengers without asking the computer?

    1. A.
      She could sell a ticket.
    2. B.
      She could write out a ticket.
    3. C.
      She could answer the passengers’ questions.
    4. D.
      She could do nothing.
  3. 3.

    Why do you think they had not a backup computer?

    1. A.
      Because it was easy down
    2. B.
      Because it was very expensive.
    3. C.
      Because it was not advanced enough.
    4. D.
      Because it was not as big as the main computer.
  4. 4.

    The last paragraph suggests that _______.

    1. A.
      a modern computer won’t be down.
    2. B.
      computers can take the place of humans
    3. C.
      sometimes a computer may bring suffering to people
    4. D.
      there will be great changes in computers

The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.
The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.?
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.?
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.?
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.?
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains—taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.?
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is to relieve the symptoms(症状).?

  1. 1.

    The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.?

    1. A.
      4
    2. B.
      5
    3. C.
      6
    4. D.
      3
  2. 2.

    Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage??

    1. A.
      The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.?
    2. B.
      Colds are not caused by cold.?
    3. C.
      People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.?
    4. D.
      A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already had one.
  3. 3.

    Arctic explorers may catch colds when ________.

    1. A.
      they are working in the isolated Arctic regions?
    2. B.
      they are writing reports in terribly cold weather?
    3. C.
      they are free from work in the isolated Arctic regions?
    4. D.
      they are coming into touch again with the outside world
  4. 4.

    The passage mainly discusses ________.

    1. A.
      the experiments on the common cold
    2. B.
      the fallacy about the common cold?
    3. C.
      the reason and the way people catch colds
    4. D.
      the continued spread of common colds

For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests, which require students to write long answers to broad, general questions such as the following: “Mention several ways in which Benjamin Franklin has influenced thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world.”
One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more cares about the student’s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how deeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests have disadvantages, too. Some students are able to write rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in the essay form.
Besides, in an essay test the student’s score may depend upon the examiner’s feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. Because of this, the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.
Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions are used along with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the student’s knowledge can usually be gotten.

  1. 1.

    What may have been discussed in the previous paragraphs?

    1. A.
      The essay test.
    2. B.
      How teachers test their students.
    3. C.
      How students write their essays.
    4. D.
      The objective test.
  2. 2.

    The essay test is preferred because ______.

    1. A.
      it shows more about the student’s understanding of the subject
    2. B.
      it tests the student’s knowledge of the material as well as his expression of ideas
    3. C.
      it gives each student a fairer chance
    4. D.
      its scoring may be influenced by the examiner’s feelings
  3. 3.

    The underlined word “this” refers to the fact that ______.

    1. A.
      students may receive a lower score in an essay test
    2. B.
      another examiner usually gives the answer a higher mark
    3. C.
      different examiners may give the same essay different scores
    4. D.
      the objective test gives each student a fairer chance
  4. 4.

    According to the passage, which of the following statements about the objective test is NOT true?

    1. A.
      It is more objective than the essay test in terms of scoring.
    2. B.
      It allows the student to guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.
    3. C.
      It shows the student’s ability to think about difficult problems.
    4. D.
      It is easy and quick to score.
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