In science the meaning of the word“explain”suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality.Science can not really explain electricity,magnetism,graviton their effects can be measured and predicted,but of their nature no more known to the modern scientists than to Thalas who first looked into the nature of the electrification when physicists reject the notion that man can never discover what these mysterious forces“really”are.Electricity,Bertrand Russell says,is not a thing,1ike St.Paul’s Cathedrfll;it is a way in which things behave.When we have told how things behave when they are electrified,and under what circumstances are electrified,we have to1d all there is to tell. Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea.Aristotle,for example,whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles.He felt,for example, that it is a self--evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place,hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong,and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs.The goal of Aristotle science was to explain why things happen.Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment,which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.

1.The aim of controlled scientific experiments is______.

A. to describe self--evident principles

B.to explain how things happen

C.to explain why things happen

D.to support Aristotelian science.

2.What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?

A. The forces of electricity,magnetism and gravity.

B. The speculations of Thalas.

C. Aristotle’s natural science.

D. Galileo’s discoveries.

3.Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is________.

A. in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principle

B. disapproved of by most modern scientists

C. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“how”things happen

D.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward”why”things happen

4. The passage says that until recently scientists have proved_______.

A.that there are mysterious forces in the universe

B.that man can’t discover what forces ”really” are

C.that we can discover why things behave as they do

D.that there are self—evident principles

5.Modern science came into being_________.

A.when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced

B.when Aristotelian scientists tried to explain why things happen

C. when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen

D.when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality by reasoning

 

 0  39177  39185  39191  39195  39201  39203  39207  39213  39215  39221  39227  39231  39233  39237  39243  39245  39251  39255  39257  39261  39263  39267  39269  39271  39272  39273  39275  39276  39277  39279  39281  39285  39287  39291  39293  39297  39303  39305  39311  39315  39317  39321  39327  39333  39335  39341  39345  39347  39353  39357  39363  39371  151629 

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网