Question

　 In science the meaning of the word“explain”suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality．Science can not really explain electricity，magnetism，graviton their effects can be measured and predicted，but of their nature no more known to the modern scientists than to Thalas who first looked into the nature of the electrification when physicists reject the notion that man can never discover what these mysterious forces“really”are．Electricity，Bertrand Russell says，is not a thing，1ike St．Paul’s Cathedrfll；it is a way in which things behave．When we have told how things behave when they are electrified，and under what circumstances are electrified，we have to1d all there is to tell． Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea．Aristotle，for example，whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years，believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles．He felt，for example, that it is a self--evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place,hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong,and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs．The goal of Aristotle science was to explain why things happen．Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment，which now forms the basis of scientific investigation．

1．The aim of controlled scientific experiments is______．

A. to describe self--evident principles

B．to explain how things happen

C．to explain why things happen

D．to support Aristotelian science．

2.What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?

A. The forces of electricity，magnetism and gravity．

B. The speculations of Thalas．

C. Aristotle’s natural science．

D. Galileo’s discoveries．

3.Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is________.

A. in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principle

B. disapproved of by most modern scientists

C. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“how”things happen

D．in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward”why”things happen

4. The passage says that until recently scientists have proved_______.

A．that there are mysterious forces in the universe

B．that man can’t discover what forces ”really” are

C．that we can discover why things behave as they do

D．that there are self—evident principles

5．Modern science came into being_________．

A．when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced

B．when Aristotelian scientists tried to explain why things happen

C. when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen

D．when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality by reasoning

 

Answer 1

BCCCA