An old friend from California called from the airport(机场) to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫). Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator.

Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat(门垫), but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all this in great surprise. There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my next door neighbor's house!

1. An old friend of mine called ______.

A. to tell me to meet him at the airport  B. to tell me about his arrival

C. to ask me to leave the office     D. to ask me to make plans for his arrival.

2. My friend climbed into the room because ______ .

A. there was an apple tree outside   B. the living room window was left open

C. he had difficulty opening the door D. he hadn't found the key

3. My friend telephoned me two hours later ______ .

A. from my home  B. at the airport  C. in his office  D. from my neighbor's house

4. The purpose(目的) of writing this passage(文章的段) is to ________.

A. introduce a friend   B. tell an interesting story 

C. explain something   D. show what friendship is  

Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behavior when they are watched. Do you?

A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a

collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.

Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behavior. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.

It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.

The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.

1.According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?

  A.He does not want to be shamed by others.

  B.He needs to show he is a good person.

  C.He desires others to like him more.

  D.He feels he will receive some social reward.

2.What is the text mainly about?

  A.It describes changed behavior when observed.

  B.It details ways to control people's behavior.

  C.It tells how to make people work harder.

D.It discusses different advertising methods.

3.According to the text, which of the following statements is true?

  A.People pretend to behave better when they are watched.

  B.Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone.

  C.People donate more money when they feel they are watched.

  D.Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.

4.Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?

  A.In a newspaper.     B.In a scientific journal.

  C.In an advertising magazine.  D.In a science textbook.

 

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