【题目】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point is) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Optimism and pessimism represent your general attitude toward certain situations or to life in general. And your attitude about life may be more important to living than you think.

A new study suggests that people who are optimistic may live longer than those who are pessimistic. Researchers at Harvard University’s School of Public Health in Boston compared women with “a general expectation that good things will happen” to women who were less optimistic. They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease and certain types of infection.

Eric Kim, one of the study leaders, says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty. Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy foods and getting enough sleep.

When compared to the least optimistic women in the study, the optimistic women had:

an almost forty percent lower risk of dying from heart disease, stroke and respiratory disease

a fifty percent lower risk of dying from infection

and a sixteen percent lower risk of dying from cancer

Leslie Ralph, a clinical psychologist and counselor at the University of Arizona in Tucson, has several ideas about how to increase optimism.

She says each night plan to do two or three simple, enjoyable activities the next day, such as watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child.

She also suggests that if your day starts badly, simply close your eyes for a moment and take a deep breath. When you open your eyes, imagine your day has started over. It’s like having your own restart button.

Offering praise or support to someone can also improve your own outlook. A smile and “thank you” from another person may help you feel more optimistic.

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【题目】Directions : Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Environmental pollution kills 1. 7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.

The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO. 1 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.

2 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600, 000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.

Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. 3 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.

Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.

4 The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions:

Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.

Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.

Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.

Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.

Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.

A. However, of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.

B. But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?

C. Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.

D. The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.

E. A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.

F. Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.

【题目】阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Chocolate has come a long way through history, and one of the reasons is the Ferrero family, the creators of the worldfamous Ferrero Rocher chocolate treats.The history of this family business starts back in the 1940s, when Pietro Ferrero and his wife, Piera, transformed a pastry shop into a factory.There, Pietro and his son, Michele, let their creativity lead them to form the building blocks of the company.Eventually, Michele took over the operation and set his sights on making the best products possible.

Michele's efforts paid off.He turned his father's creations into globally sold and consumed products.One of their most successful products, Nutella, had become a staple food in many homes.The third generation now runs the company.Michele's sons, Pietro and Giovanni worked side by side as managing directors for ten years until an accident resulting in Pietro' death.Still inspired by his family and their hard work and determination, Giovanni is guiding Ferrero into the future.

While staying true to the Ferrero motto of “work, create, and donate”, he is making sure his family's business is an example of success in the past, present, and future.

(写作内容)

1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2.以约120个词谈谈Ferrero及其家人成功制作巧克力对你的启迪,内容包括:

(1)描述人们创业的艰辛。

(2)分析人们创业成功的原因。

(3)Ferrero及其家人成功制作巧克力对你的启迪。

(写作要求)

1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

(评分标准)

内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

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