【题目】Life is full of funny moments, and not just for humans.

Over the years, studies by various groups have suggested that monkeys, dogs and even rats love a good laugh. People, meanwhile, have been laughing since before they could talk.

Jaak Panksepp, a professor at Bowling Green State University, US, said he would not be surprised if positive feelings could be produced in some animals. Dolphins, for example, have long attracted animal researchers because of the complex (复杂的) ways in which they communicate: a rich variety of sounds of different rhythms. A decade ago, researchers studying dolphins at the Kolmarden Wildlife Park in Sweden noticed a set of sounds the dolphins made during play-fighting. They concluded that the purpose of the sound was to suggest that the situation was pleasant and to prevent it from a real fight.

Panksepp has even seen evidence of joy in crayfish (小龙虾). When given small amounts of drugs such as cocaine (可卡因) in a certain place, they appear to connect that location with pleasure. “Given the chance, they will always return to that place, perhaps in the hope of getting more,” he says. Panksepp wasn’t sure it equals the same happiness that humans get from cocaine, but said it “could be in the same evolutionary category”.

More studies are needed to really understand animals’ laughter. Strangely enough, the answers may help with our own desires for cures for mental illnesses. Panksepp’s experiments may soon lead to a new antidepressant (抗抑郁) drug that works by using the pathways in the brain behind positive feelings and joy. Perhaps pleasure and laughter in the animal world will help solve the depression in our own species one day.

1Scientists are always interested in doing research on dolphins because dolphins ________.

A. understand humans’ sounds

B. show positive feeling while playing

C. make different sounds when they communicate

D. make a set of sounds during play-fighting games

2What do the underlined words “our own species” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Animals.

B. Humans.

C. Sounds.

D. Pleasure.

3From the passage we can learn that ________.

A. people learn to talk before they can laugh.

B. animals have a very good sense of location.

C. humans have known the animals’ happiness well.

D. there is still much left to learn about animals’ laughter.

4Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A. Animals Feeling Joy.

B. Man and Nature.

C. Sounds Made by Animals.

D. A Long Way to Go.

【题目】A group of frogs were traveling through the woods. And two of them fell into a deep pit. When the other frogs saw how deep the pit was, they told the two frogs that they were as good as dead. The two frogs didn't listen and tried to jump out of the pit with all their might. The other frogs kept telling them to stop. Finally, one of the frogs heard what the other frogs were saying and gave up, so he died.

The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. Once again, the other frogs cried at him and told him to stop and just allow himself to die. He jumped even harder and finally made himself out. When he got out, the other frogs said, "Didn't you hear us?" The frog explained to them that something was wrong with his hearing. He thought they were encouraging him the whole time.

There is power of life and death in the tongue. An encouraging word to someone who is down can lift him or her up and help them make it through the day. Be careful of what you say. Speak life to those who cross your path. The power of words—anyone can speak bad words that rob another of the spirit to go on in difficult times. But an encouraging word can go such a long way.

【写作内容】

1.用约30个词概括上面这篇文章的内容;

2.用约120个词就“语言的力量”发表你的看法和感受,内容包括:

(1)语言在现实生活中的正负面影响;

(2)举一个发生在你或你认识的人身上的例子,说明语言的正或负面的影响;

(3)日常生活中,我们应该如何利用好语言,让语言产生积极的影响。

【写作要求】

在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

【评分标准】

内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

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