【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Obama, Lady Gaga and Steve Jobs—what do they have in common? They are, of course, all Americans. And according to a survey by social networking site baidu. com, they all best illustrate(举例说明) the word “cool”.
But just what does it mean to say someone is “cool”? Most would answer that it is something to do with being independent-minded and not following the crowd.
Yale University art professor Robert Farris Thompson says that the term “cool” goes back to 15th century West African philosophy. “Cool” relates to ideas of grace under pressure.
“In Africa,” he writes, “coolness is a positive quality which combines calmness, silence, and life.”
The modern idea of “cool” developed largely in the US in the period after World War II. “Post-war 'cool' was in part an expression of war-weariness (厌战情绪), . . . it went against the strict social rules of the time,” write sociologists Dick Pountain and David Robins in Cool Rules: Anatomy of an Attitude.
But it was the American actor James Dean who became the symbol for “cool” in the hugely successful 1955 movie Rebel without a Cause. Dean plays a tough guy who disobeys his parents and the authorities. He always gets the girl, smokes cigarettes, wears a leather jacket and beats up bullies. In the movie, Dean showed what “cool” would mean to American young people for the next 60 years.
Today the focus of “cool” has changed to athletics (体育运动) stars. Often in movies about schools, students gain popularity on the athletics field more than in the classroom. This can be seen quite clearly in movies like Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die.
But many teenagers also think being smart is cool. Chess and other thinking games have been becoming more popular in schools.
“Call it the Harry Potterization of America—a time when being smart is the new cool,” writes journalist Joe Sunnen.
（1）If you were considered “cool” in Africa in the 15th century, you_____.
A.thought and acted differently from the majority
B.had a calm and quiet attitude towards life
C.didn't observe rules and authorities
D.had all kinds of “bad” manners
（2）The heroes in Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die are likely to be those who ________.
A.do very well in their studies
B.are very skilled at sports
C.are good at chess and other thinking games.
D.have supernatural powers like Harry Potter
（3）Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?
A.It is generally considered “cool” to be independent-minded and not to follow the crowd.
B.“Cool” was used as early as the 15th century.
C.Disobeying one's parents and the authorities is considered “cool” among American young people nowadays.
D.Getting the first place in an exam can also be considered “cool”.
（4）What does the article mainly talk about?
A.The origin of the word “cool”.
B.The kinds of people who are “cool”.
C.The changing meaning of the word “cool”.
D.How to be a “ cool” person.

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Children in the United States eat too much pizza that some researchers now argue the food should join the ranks of sugary drinks and fast food for the harm they do to health．
In a new study, the researchers found that pizza is a large source of calories, saturated fat(饱和脂肪)and salt in children's diets．Children should not eat more than two slices of pizza for a meal，and should pair that with salad, rather than with another high-calorie food，the researchers concluded．
“Parents should aim to control pizza consumption(消费), particularly as a snack where it was shown to have a very adverse impact on children, and they should put their pizza dollars toward healthier brands．”Said Lisa Powel, director of the Illinois Prevention Research Center．
Pizza has become a matter of focus in recent years for researchers who look at the meals children eat, rather than the nutrients within them．Studies have found pizza is among the greatest sources of calories for children．
“Since pizza remains a common part of children's diet, we need to make 'healthy' pizza．”Powel said．To make pizza healthier, food producers should reduce its saturated fat and salt, and increase its whole grain content,” she said．
Whether or not pizza is harmful enough to be picked out as an unhealthy food, the study attracts attention to a larger issue with the modern American lifestyle, said Alexis Tindall, who was not involved in the flow research. “Many foods are eaten too frequently and in large sizes,” said Tindall．To solve the problem, people don't have to give up eating pizza, but instead, they can eat smaller and healthier pizza，”she said．
“Make it at home, instead of ordering it out where you don't have any control over how it's made.” Tindall said. “When we make it at home, we can choose healthier ingredients，increase the vegetables, reduce fat, and put in less cheese．Pizza doesn't have to be just pepperoni(意大利辣香肠)and cheese．”
（1）According to the research, children shouldn't eat ．
A.more than two slices of pizza in a day
B.two slices of pizza for a meal
C.pizza along with salad
D.more pizza with French fries
（2）Powel suggests healthier pizza should be made ．
A.with more ingredients
B.with less salt
C.in smaller sizes
D.at home
（3）The last sentence of the passage implies that pepperoni and cheese ．
A.are necessary ingredients of pizza
B.are not the only healthy ingredients of pizza
C.should all be replaced with healthier ingredient．
D.should be reduced by adding healthier ingredients．
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A.Pizza—a real junk food!
B.How to prepare better meals for your kids?
C.Discover the harm of eating pizza
D.Bring in healthier pizza for Americans

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于两个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Can I have a glass of hot water?” This is a very common question for Chinese customers in a restaurant. But you go abroad, you may find that meals in the West tend to come with tall glasses of ice water.
For most Chinese people, (drink) hot water is part of everyday life. It is believed that water of a warm temperature (25-30 C) is good for people's health, (especial) for the stomach.
But for many Western people, they drink cold water even in winter. One possible reason is in Western countries people can drink water directly from the tap, rather than having to boil . And it's also normal to jump into a cold shower after exercise, (bring) the heart rate down.
However, there is one common thing (encourage) in both the East and the West: One cool down by drinking a hot drink in summer. Because sweating is a good way to cool off in summer, hot drinks make you hotter and you begin to sweat.
Of course, it doesn't matter if you drink hot cold water. The more comfortable your body feels, the (good) it is.

There are plenty of so-called energy drinks on the market. Most of them have an attractive colour and cool name. Their nutrition list also contains various things from vitamins to ginseng. Sounds great!

But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks contain high levels of caffeine. These drinks are typically aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players.

Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much.

Caffeine raises your heartbeat. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited their use. The amount of caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as high as in a strong cup of coffee or strong tea.

Research by Australian scientists has found that many teenagers are affected by caffeine. The results of their survey show that 27 percent of boys aged 8-12 take in more caffeine than their parents.

There are potential health risks linked to energy drinks. Just one can of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart attacks.

Teenagers should be discouraged from consuming drinks with a lot of caffeine in them, an expert from the Australia Nutrition Foundation said.

【1】Generally, people would like to ________.

A. take vitamins B. eat ginseng C. have a cold drink D. have a meal

【2】The International Olympic Committee limit the use of caffeine because ________.

A. it makes you better at sports B. it can keep you awake

C. it can make you nervous D. it make your heart beat fast

【3】The writer mentions the fact that “27 percent of boys aged 8-12 take in more caffeine than their parents” to show that ________.

A. caffeine has an effect on many teenagers

B. parents should take in more caffeine

C. the caffeine problem is not serious

D. the grownups take less caffeine than children

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
ben
“People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship,” said social worker Ken Yip, “and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.” When we sign a paper, for example, a business contract or a bank document, the signature is a seal of consent, an agreement to take the matter seriously. Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer's signature. The absence of a signature, they explain, tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.
There are people who wish to remain anonymous(匿名的) for various reasons. Multi-billionaire Mr. King donates generously to charity several times a year. He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring, and he does not want his good deeds to make news. In other cases, people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity. Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police, but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime.
Name or no name? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honor what we say.
（1）What does the writer mean by saying “Responsibility is the name of the game”?
A.Writers need to provide their personal information in the game.
B.Publication must bear the writer's full name, address and phone number.
C.Writers should be responsible for their names.
D.Names are required to indicate writers' responsibility for what they say.
（2）The second paragraph suggests that a paper without a signature may _______.
A.not get a reply
B.help to end a relationship
C.be accepted all the same
D.become a family problem
（3）Some people don't want their names known because they are ________.
A.hesitant to make a donation
B.unwilling to draw public attention
C.afraid of an accusation
D.ready for involvement
（4）The passage is mainly about _______.
A.honor and writers
B.identity and signature
C.signature and responsibility
D.anonymity and signature

The seven-person team returned to Earth on Tuesday after being the first to take a space shuttle into orbit since the Columbia disaster(灾难) of 2003.

“In the last two and a half years, we have been through the very worst that manned space flight can bring us, and over the past two weeks we have seen the very best,” NASA Administrator Michael Griffin told the astronauts and their families and fans Wednesday.

The crowd waved American flags for the U.S. astronauts and Japanese flags for crew member Soichi Noguchi, one of the spacewalkers.

“As a rookie（新手）astronaut, I could not ask for more,” Noguchi said, “We had three spacewalks, two extra days in space and one great team.”

While the homecoming has been filled with excitement for what mission controllers declared a “truly spectacular test flight”, uncertainty remains for the future of the shuttle program.

Shortly after Discovery rose up into space July 26, a nearly 1-pound large piece of foam insulation（泡沫绝缘材料） fell from the fuel tank—the very thing that was supposed to have been fixed after Columbia exploded. The foam missed Discovery, but NASA grounded all shuttle flights until engineers fix the problem.

NASA ground crews examined Discovery after its return from orbit and found it in good condition, an official said Wednesday at NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base in California.

Technicians counted 101 dings and divots, including 20 that were larger than 1 inch. Schaaf Dean, landing support group chief, said the numbers were similar to the results of other shuttle, post-landing examinations.

A beginning examination of the shuttle’s thermal（热的）blanket showed it remained undamaged during re-en-try into the Earth’s air.(Agencies)

【1】The seven astronauts ________.

A. are the first to take a space shuttle into orbit

B. took the Columbia into space

C. returned to earth safely

D. are Americans

【2】According to the text, the NASA officials think ________.

A. the flight of Discovery is a failure

B. manned space flight has been through the best in the past

C. the flight of Discovery is a success

D. the astronauts are national heroes

【3】When the Discovery took off, ________.

A. the fuel tank burned B. a piece of foam insulation fell

C. the safety belt is not fixed D. it knocked into the Columbia

【4】The underlined word “grounded” means ________.

A. (of a boat) hit the bottom of a sea and be unable to move

B. to cause a boat to hit the bottom of a sea or lake

C. to prevent a plane or person from flying

D. to be based on something

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had a wonderful idea and thought it would make a great invention, but didn't know what to do next? They will help you make your dreams come true and become a famous inventor.
The first thing that you should do is do some research on the Internet to see if anyone else has invented it. If not, you should search through the US Patent (专利) information to see if a patent was ever created for your type of invention.
The easiest thing to do is working with a company that can help you to make your dreams a reality. It can help you present your ideas and get your product to the right companies. One company that has good fame is “Lambert and Lambert”. If they think your product is marketable (有销路的), they will help you to get it to the right company.
Call the company and make an appointment. You will be required to bring in a model of your invention and a complete description of your ideas. Then when you meet with them, you can present it and they will tell you how marketable it is. If they decide to help you,they will work to present it to different companies and help you to go to the next step.
Once your invention has been sold to a large company, get ready to get the benefits of becoming the next great inventor. But the benefits are worth the wait.
A. Write down exactly about your invention.
B. Here are some steps that you can take.
C. It may take a year or two.
D. You will find something new on the Internet.
E. If there is no patent, go to the next step.
F. They offer free advice for good ideas.
G. You will be the next inventor.

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Part of the fun of watching sports events is following an exciting rivalry (竞争关系).
But where do all these rivalries come from?
Some rivalries start because athletes spend a lot of time close to opponents (对手).
Other rivalries get personal. Things that one rival says that are thought to be not respectful to the other can cause a rivalry, even if the words are misunderstood. And sometimes, rivalries grow just because the athletes don't like each other's personalities.
Some sports may also be more likely than others to cause rivalries. “Some sports only meet a few times, so there is less chance for rivalries to build,” For example, in sports where athletes perform on their own, such as diving, rivalries might also take longer to appear than in sports in which athletes compete at the same time. But in tennis, players often face each other, and rivalries are more likely to happen.
So do the rivalries do good or harm to the athletes?
Some believe that rivalries can be a good thing because they encourage athletes to try harder to win. But rivalries can also become too personal, taking athletes' attention away from their sports.
Keegan agreed that rivalries often do athletes more harm than good. “They can be a huge distraction (分散注意力的事) and lead to focusing on the opponent more than the game,” he said.
“Top athletes often have physical and mental training that they follow in order to worry less and prepare to compete”, Gould further explained. An important part of that preparation is preventing from distractions, including rivalries.
“The better athletes don't care too much about a rivalry – they try to treat every competition the same,” Gould told LiveScience.
（1）According to the article, which of the following sports is least likely to cause a rivalry?
A.Tennis.
B.Swimming.
C.Diving.
D.Soccer.
（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?
A.Rivalries between athletes may result from misunderstandings.
B.The more often you meet your opponent, the more you dislike him or her.
C.Rivalries mainly come from a dislike for each other's personalities.
D.Audiences easily get bored if there are few rivalries in a competition.
（3）Why does Keegan think rivalries could do more harm than good to athletes?
A.Rivalries could result in physical and mental suffering.
B.Rivalries could cause athletes to worry needlessly.
C.Rivalries could drive athletes to train too hard.
D.Rivalries could distract athletes from their sports.
（4）In Gould's eyes, top athletes ______.
A.care little about their competition
B.focus more on the game than on their opponents
C.treat every competition as daily training
D.take every possible opportunity to become stronger

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
You get on an almost-empty bus, but the next passenger decides to ignore all the empty seats to sit right next to you. While you are waiting in line at the supermarket, the next customer stands just behind you shouting into his phone.
These are attacks of the personal space invaders(侵略者). Though preferences for personal space differ from culture to culture, we Britons do love our independence and personal space.
As the British customs website Debrett has said, as a British person, somebody standing too close may make you “focus less on what somebody is saying than on how close they are to you”. Simple acts like putting an arm around someone you don't know that well may seem friendly in China, but they can make us very uncomfortable. The ediplomat.com website explains: “The British are not back slappers (拍打者) or touchers and generally do not show affection (喜欢) in public.”
Being a British person around people from other countries can therefore be full of problems. People from many European countries such as France and Spain kiss each other on the cheek when they meet, yet to us this seems too friendly and “touchy-feely”.
Simple matters like how close others stand can be problems to Britons who want to keep their own personal space. Giving advice on how to behave around a British person, Debrett's says that “if you can feel the warmth of their worried breath upon your face, then you're standing too close”.
So, are British people unfriendly? No. The ediplomat.com website explains that we are not as “indifferent” as we may seem, but “very friendly and helpful to foreigners”. However, we do have different ideas about our own space to many people from other countries. Just let us know if you're going to come any closer than arm's length, and you'll be fine!
（1）What is the article mainly about?
A.How to make friends with British people.
B.Some tips on British table manners.
C.Ways in which British people show affection.
D.British people's preference for personal space.
（2）If you were meeting a British person for the first time, it would be polite of you to ______, according to the article.
A.kiss him/her on the cheek
B.put an arm around him/her
C.keep an arm's length away from him/her
D.slap his/her back or shake his/her hands
（3）The underlined word “indifferent” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”.
A.cold
B.modest
C.gentlemanlike
D.independent
（4）What can we conclude from the article?
A.British people like to sit next to others on empty buses.
B.British people are helpful, although they may not appear to be.
C.British people do not like staying with other Europeans.
D.British people are happy to show affection in public.

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
There are quite a few advantages of wearing school uniforms．The idea may seem disagreeable at first，but considering all the positive effects coming from wearing uniforms you would be more likely to enjoy them．
Teachers love school uniforms because it helps provide an orderly learning environment．Having students dressed in uniforms may teach them how to present themselves in a neat and professional manner．It gives students the opportunity to learn how to dress like young ladies and gentleman．And they can focus their attention on academics rather than style．
Purchasing school uniforms is easy and needs less hesitation and consideration．No matter what the school's policy is，there are only specific essential pieces to the wardrobe(服装) that are necessary，so it won't break the bank ． A few wardrobe items can last a long time．Parents could also enjoy an easy morning，as it will take less time to choose a set of clothes for the school day．
Students wearing uniforms will feel less pressure about what to wear or not to wear when their classmates are dressed similarly．Getting dressed before school becomes less of a chore when students are limited in their choices，so there shouldn't be any trouble about choosing an outfit the day and getting ready quickly．Some students may not like the lack of individuality with a uniform，but some school dress code policies may offer them the opportunities to show their unique styles．
Uniforms today are also becoming trendier and can be seen in many areas of pop culture．Celebrities(名人)and fashion designers are using uniforms as inspiration for new looks which also appeal to students．
（1）Teachers think that wearing school uniforms __________．
A.helps students put more effort into their studies
B.makes students feel less pressure in study
C.is just a tradition that students should follow
D.makes students lose their independence and identity
（2）The underlined part “it won't break the bank” in Paragraph 3 probably means “______”.
A.a school uniform should be worn every day
B.parents will have to go to the bank many times
C.a school uniform doesn't cost a lot of money
D.parents who work in a bank can afford the uniform
（3）We can infer from the text that school uniform __________．
A.will be more fashionable in the future
B.are not popular with fashion designers
C.were not accepted by parents in the past
D.will be designed by students themselves