【题目】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.

For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved (毫无掩饰的).

In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.

In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated (复杂的) .

My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.

I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.

Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.

We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have. We’re so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.

Happiness isn’t about what happens to us—it’s about how we see what happens to us. It’s the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. It’s not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we do possess.

【1】As one grows older, one ______.

A. tends to believe responsibility means happiness

B. associates his/her happiness less with others

C. will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness

D. feels it harder to experience happiness

【2】What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?

A. She cares little about her own health.

B. She is easily satisfied by things in daily life.

C. She enjoys the freedom of traveling.

D. She prefers getting pleasure from housework.

【3】People who equal happiness with wealth and success ______.

A. pay too much attention to their right to happiness

B. consider pressure something blocking their way

C. are at a loss to make correct choices

D. are more likely to be happy

【4】Which of the following can best explain the main idea of the passage?

A. God helps those who help themselves.

B. Each man is the master of his own fate.

C. Happy is he who is content.

D. Success leads to happiness.

【题目】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Health experts have long known that vitamin D is important for healthy bones and teeth. It may also help to protect the body against diseases such as diabetes and cancer. And now, researchers say vitamin D might help fight brain diseases called dementia (痴呆).

Dementia is a brain disease that damages thinking and memory processes, which scientists call “cognitive (认知) abilities.” Dementia is difficult to treat. Taking care of someone who has dementia is extremely demanding. And the disease is very frightening to sufferers. Chris Roberts suffers from dementia. He says the worst part of living with this disease was getting lost while driving. “The worst thing that I found was getting lost in the car, not just forgetting where I was going— I wouldn’t know where I was.” More than 47 million people around the world suffer from dementia. The World Health Organization reports that 60 percent of them live in low- and middle-income countries.

We get vitamin D from some foods like nuts, lentils (扁豆) and fatty fish. We also get vitamin D from the sun. But that is not dependable. In some parts of the world, there is not enough sunlight to provide enough vitamin D. Also, sunblock prevents the vitamin from entering the body. To add to the problem, the skin’s ability to process vitamin D weakens as a person ages.

Researchers at Rutgers University in New Jersey are exploring the relationship between vitamin D and dementia. The team recently measured vitamin D levels and cognitive ability in older people. Nutritional sciences professor Joshua Miller led the team. He said cognitive abilities differed among the study subjects. He said tests showed that about 60 percent of the group was low in vitamin D.

【1】Which of the following is true about vitamin D?

A. Vitamin D can decrease people’s risk of heart diseases.

B. Vitamin D helps the body fight against cancer.

C. Vitamin D is mainly obtained from the sun.

D. The need for Vitamin D decreases as people age.

【2】What does the underlined word “demanding” mean in Paragraph 2?

A. Boring but rewarding.

B. Disturbing and frightening.

C. Disgusting and stressful.

D. Hard and tiresome.

【3】What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A. How vitamin D affects people’s health.

B. Where people get vitamin D.

C. Whether sunlight can produce vitamin D.

D. Why people’s age influences the production of vitamin D.

【4】Where can we most probably read the passage?

A. In a travel brochure.

B. In a literature magazine.

C. In a science journal.

D. In a commercial advertisement.

【题目】单词拼写

Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honored ____【1】___ the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians.

He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got _____【2】____（marry）at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, ____【3】____ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.

In South Africa he ___【4】___ （surprise）to find that the problem of racial discrimination （种族歧视）was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight ____【5】___ equal rights.

Gandhi returned to India in 1915, ____【6】____ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and __【7】______ （depend）for his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison. ____【8】____, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give _____【9】___and India won its independence in 1947. ____【10】____（fortunate）Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The city of the future

What will the city of the future look like? No one knows for sure, and making predictions 【1】 (be) a risky business. But one thing is certain ---they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. We will use lots of 【2】 (recycle) materials, such as plastic aluminums, steel , glass ,wood and paper, and we will waste fewer 【3】 (nature) resources. We will also have to rely more 【4】 alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.

A teacher at 【5】 university in the United States asked his students to think 【6】 they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had:

Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, 【7】 (prevent) landrills and environmental problems .

Cars All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind , and 【8】 will be possible to change the color of cars at the flick of a switch.

Telesurgery Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city 【9】 (have) its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.

Holiday at home Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras 【10】 (attach) to their head.

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for a Happier Workplace

You don’t have to be friends with your co-workers, but you do need to be friendly. Read on for fresh ways to make your office a kinder, gentler place.

◆Give a happy “Hello! ”in the morning

Do you walk into the office, eyes down, and immediately start work? If so, you are likely to find that co-workers ignore(忽视)you or avoid you.___ 【1】 ___It’s really amazing how fast this small gesture can change unfriendly workplace relations.

◆Learn the art of small talk

Ask your co-workers about their interests—their favorite music, movies, and books, as well as their hobbies __【2】 __Once you know what catches their imagination, pick up stories from newspapers or magazines to help start conversations.

◆Ask what they think

People love to be asked for their opinion, so go out of your way to ask, “What do you think of this report? ” or “How do you think I should deal with this situation? ” _____【3】____

◆Avoid gossip(流言飞语)

【4】_____So return the favor. When a co-worker walks towards you bearing a piece of gossip, respond(回应)with, “Really? ”and then change the subject or get back to work. If you don’t respond, the gossiper will move on.

◆___【5】____

To win friends at work, start with good office etiquette(礼节). There’s nothing more frustrating(令人沮丧的)to busy co-workers than to have their emails and phone messages ignored. Your silence doesn’t just make their jobs harder; it also conveys(传达)an unpleasant message: You are unimportant to me.

A. Stop complaining.

B. Return calls and emails immediately.

C. Then give the advice giver a silent thank-you.

D. Always work as hard as anyone working for you.

E. You don’t want anyone talking about you behind your back, right?

F. Showing an interest in them will make them feel comfortable around you.

G. Get into the habit of greeting your co-workers with a smile as you arrive in the morning.

【题目】第一节：短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分；

3. 错误类型不涉及单词拼写。

It is interested to visit another country, but sometimes there are some problem when we don’t know the language very well. It may be difficult to communicate about the people there．We may not know how to use the telephone in the country where we are visiting. We must not know where to buy the things we need. In a strange country we may not know which to go to eat or what to order in a restaurant. It is not easy to decide how many money to tip（付小费）waiters or taxi drivers．When we are helpless, we may not know what to ask for help．After a short time later，however，we learn what to do and what to say. We learn to enjoy life in another country, and then we may be sorry leave both the place and people．

【题目】If you are a sleep deprived(被剥夺) teacher, you may not be aware of the term woodpeckering(啄木鸟式点头), but you’ve probably done it. It happens the day following a bad night’s sleep. You’re sitting in a long meeting and you can barely keep your eyes open, so you support your head up with your hand. Next thing you know, you are moving your sleeping head back to its upright position. Do this a few times and you are woodpeckering.

I thought I knew sleep deprivation when I did my medical internship in hospital. That year I frequently went 36 hours with no sleep. When I finished my stay in neurology(神经内科), I welcomed the promise of full nights of sleep ever after. It went pretty well for the next 10 years until I became a school teacher and experienced a whole new level of sleep deprivation.

Teachers’ working hours go far beyond the 8 am to 5 pm schedule of kids in school. There are hours spent at staff meetings, correcting homework, preparing for the next day and then there is the worrying. What I did in a hospital emergency room required no more intensive mental energy than what is need to keep 30 kids attentive enough to learn what I was teacher.

Good teachers are like magicians keeping a dozen balls in the air to come at right time, with alarm set for 6 am to finish grading papers, memories of the day that’s gone- including the students who didn’t understand something, forgot their lunch or were embarrassed by wrong angers. All these will become sleep-resistant barriers. And also with some financial stress, you’ll have a cycle of insomnia(失眠) with unwelcome consequences.

With inadequate sleep comes irritability(易怒), forgetfulness, lower tolerance of even minor annoyances, and less efficient organization and planning. These are the very mental muscles that teachers need to meet the challenges of the next day. In wanting to do a better job the next day, the brain keeps bringing up the worries that deny the rest it needs.

【1】After a bad night’s sleep, usually the direct effect for the next day is to ______.

A. keep one’s eyes open all the time

B. move head back and forth

C. raise one’s head in upright position

D. keep nodding like a woodpecker

【2】Good teachers’ sleep problems are mainly due to the _____.

A. common sleep-resistant barriers

B. embarrassment for wrong answers

C. diligence and devotion to teaching

D. misunderstanding of their students

【3】What does the writer really want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A. Unfavorable effects of inadequate sleep are various

B. Lay down worries and sleep well first for the next day.

C. Teachers should often practice mental muscles.

D. Better job has nothing to do with inadequate sleep.

【题目】Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests they both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.

“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”

Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits(轨道).

Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.

But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There’s still a lot of strictness and authority(权威) on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”

Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these changing roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic(民主的) process that encourages everyone to have a say.

“My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “It’s not something easily achieved by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”

【1】The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means _________.

A. distance B. interest

C. similarity D. cooperation

【2】The change in today’s parent-child relationship is _________.

A. more confusion among children.

B. less respect for parents from children.

C. new equality between parents and children.

D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents.

【3】By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents _________.

A. can set a limit to the change.

B. follow the trend of the change.

C. fail to take the change seriously.

D. have little difficulty adjusting(适应)to the change.

【4】The purpose of the passage is to _________.

A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with.

B. discuss the development of the parent—child relationship.

C. suggest the ways to handle the parent—child relationship.

D. compare today’s parent—child relationship with that in the past.

【题目】阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。

Mozart was a great man born with a given talent.He was writing songs at the age of five and performing before the queen by the time he was six years old.Early on,Mozart realised what his talents were,practiced or honed what he was born to do and used his natural abilities to create amazing pieces of music.

Mozart was not the first to be born with natural talents and he wasn’t the last.We all have them.We only need to discover what they are and use them to the best of our abilities.You have been given amazing gifts that are meant to be shared with the world.Your job is to find out what those talents are and master them.

Finding your natural talents may not be an easy task.Perhaps your parents except fewer wouldn’t approve of(赞成) your artistic ability to paint or sing,because they want you to be a successful doctor or lawyer.Maybe your gift wouldn’t seem to have the ability to bring the kind of wealth you hope.These may be excuses;it’s up to you.Have you ever noticed that when you engage in an activity in which you are naturally talented,you feel active and excited?That’s a sign that these are the things you should do.Discover your brilliance(才华) in life and practice,practice,practice.

Look at the world’s greatest athletes.They practice what they’re naturally good at,and what they love.You don’t see Jordan sitting trying to study DNA.If that was something he was talented at,that’s what he would be doing.But it’s not.He’s a brilliant athlete.He sticks to what he does best and he realises his dream.

There are only two steps to success—discover your brilliance and perfect it.

【1】In the writer’s opinion Mozart’s success lies in .

A.his great given talent

B.making good use of his natural talent

C.learning from others

D.his favorable conditions

【2】What does the underlined word “honed” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A.To do something repeatedly to improve one’s skill.

B.To find out what one is always good at doing.

C.To do what one likes and what is interesting.

D.To ask others for some advice of doing something.

【3】We can infer from the passage that many parents want their children to .

A.be a teacher or a lawyer

B.be a singer or an artist

C.earn much money as a player

D.give up painting or singing

【4】In Paragraph 4 the writer advises us to .

A.work hard at what we are engaged in

B.fear no difficulty and realise our dream

C.practice what we are naturally good at

D.become a great athlete like Jordan

【题目】短文改错。

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Sir,

I’m writing to apply to be one of the volunteer for the Winter Olympic Games to be held in 2022.

I’m Li Hua, a 18-year-old boy who loves doing sports regular in my spare time. I love sports so much that I can devote all my energy to serve the game. Besides, I can speak English fluently, which make me more qualified to help foreigners. Meanwhile, not only do I have the ability to organize activities, and I am outgoing and energetic, which benefits to me in communication with strangers.

I believe I suitable for the position. I would appreciate that if you consider my application and offered me the opportunity.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua