【题目】Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks time. Then inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive if the rain is spread throughout the year. If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.

Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.

There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the Southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing very, very slowly as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.

Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the desert. During the heat of the day, a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.

【1Many plants may survive in deserts when ________.

A.the rain is spread out in a year

B.the rain falls only in a few weeks

C. there is little rain in a year

D. it is dry all the year round

【2Sand dunes are formed when ________.

A. sand piles up gradually

B. there is plenty of rain in a year

C. the sea has dried up over the years

D. pieces of rock get smaller

【3The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is ________.

A. too much sand

B. more sand than before

C. nothing except sand

D. something else besides sand

【4It can be learned from the text that in a desert ________.

A. there is no rainfall throughout the year

B. life exists in rough conditions

C. all sand dunes are a few feet high

D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat

【题目】Say (suppose) you are a 17th century construction worker who’s worked long and hard to build a splendid tower for the dead wife of your emperor.

Now say that the emperor orders your fingertips cut off so you can never build another one. Yes, that is the Taj Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. And the tale behind the construction is just as impressive as the building itself.

First, there’s the emperor of northern India, Shah Jehan, also called the King of the World. In 1612, Shah Jehan married Mumtaz Mahal. Madly in love, they had 14 children over the next 20 years. But then sadness came. As Mumtaz was about to give birth to child number 14, she said she had heard her unborn baby cry out. It was a sign of death. And as Mumtaz lay dying, she asked Jehan to build a lasting memorial (纪念物) to celebrate their love.

When the heartbroken Jehan appeared eight days after his wife’s death, his people were shocked to see that his coal-black hair had turned snow-white.

Putting away his sadness, Jehan ordered his wife’s dying wish carried out. More than 20,000 workers labored nearly 22 years to complete the construction. In 1653, Jehan placed Mumtaz’s remains (遗体) in the center under the building.

And then, son number five, Aurangzeb, murdered his brothers and took over the power from his aging father. Jehan lived the rest of his days eight years, to be exact imprisoned not far from the Taj Mahal. Jehan was only allowed to climb onto the top of his prison to see the timeless treasure from a distance. But never again would he be allowed to visit it-until he was buried next to his wife.

Today 25,000 people visit the Taj Mahal each day. Though the reason for building the tower was a strange, sad story, those who see its breath-taking beauty are reminded of the happiness that inspired (激发……的灵感) its construction.

【1The first two paragraphs were written to show that ________.

A. the Taj Mahal is an unusual historic building

B. ancient Indian emperors were cruel

C. construction workers led a hard life in ancient India

D. India has some of the most famous buildings in the world

【2The Taj Mahal was first built as ________.

A. a prison B. a gift to Mumtaz

C. a memorial building D. a tourist attraction

【3We learn from the text that Mumtaz probably died in ________.

A. 1626 B. 1632 C. 1634 D. 1653

【4The underlined word “happiness” in the last sentence refers to ________.

A. the married happiness of the emperor and his wife

B. the great pleasure Jehan once found in exercising his power

C. the happiness Jehan felt on completing the Taj Mahal

D. the pleasure tourists experience when visiting the Taj Mahal.

【题目】A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of (证明有……罪) shoplifting for the second time in six months.

Ana Luz, recently studying for her PhD, has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.

Luz, who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road, Cambridge, admitted stealing clothes worth £9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street, London, on March 9.

Phillip Lemoyne, prosecuting (起诉), said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies’ toilet in the store .When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected, having taken off the anti-theft security alarms (防盗警报装置).

She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying, Mr Lemoyne said.

He added that she was upset on her arrest (逮捕) and apologized for her actions.

Luz, 28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October, but Morag Duff, defending, said she had never been in trouble with the police before that.

“She is ashamed and embarrassed (尴尬的) but doesnt really have any explanation why she did this, Miss Duff said. She didnt intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss to explain it. She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady. She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her todo this.

Judge David Azan fined Luz £50, and warned, “You’ve got a criminal record. If you carry on like this, you will end up in prison, which will ruin your bright future you may have.”

Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain, went on to a famous university in Berlin, Germany for her master’s degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University, UK.

【1What is Ana Luz’s nationality?

A. American. B. British. C. Spanish. D. German.

【2What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?

A. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.

B. She doesnt know why she has the desire to steal from shops.

C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.

D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.

【3Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “shoplifting” used in the passage?

A. Carrying goods in a lift for a shop.

B. Taking goods to the ladies’ toilet.

C. Selecting some goods from a display (陈列).

D. Taking goods from a shop without paying.

【4From the passage we can learn that _________.

A. Ana Luz has already got her PhD at Cambridge University, UK

B. Ana Luz is ashamed and embarrassed and knows why she often did so

C. the university graduate will be put in prison if she steals in shops once more

D. Phillip Lemoyne is the respectable and intelligent womans defense lawyer

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