【题目】What did your school smell like? Was it noisy or peaceful? It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that smells and sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity.

Bridget Shield has been conducting studies and advising people on the effects of all sorts of noises, such as traffic and sirens, as well as noise made by the children themselves. "Everything points to a harmful impact of the noise on children’s performance, in numeracy, in literacy, and in spelling,” says Shield.

Shield says the sound of “babble” the chatter of other children, is particularly distracting in the classroom.。People are very distracted by speech-particularly if it is understandable, but you’re not involved in it.” This phenomenon is also known as the irrelevant speech effect, she says, adding that “it’s a very common finding in open-plan offices as well.’’

In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity. Ravi Mehta suggests there maybe some benefit to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is the key.

Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can boost IQ in their tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it’s a guess to say classical music boosts brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Ravi Mehta," If you like the music or you like the sound-even listening to a Stephen King novel-then you did better. It didn’t matter about the music,“ he says.

However, it’s worth considering that music is not always helpful while you’re trying to work. Trying to perform a task which involves serial recall - for instance, doing mental mathematics-will be distracted by sounds with audio variation, says Ravi Mehta. Songs with lyrics, on the other hand, are more likely to interfere(干扰)with tasks that involve languages-such as reading comprehension.

This isn’t the only sense being related to affecting learning.

1The second paragraph implies that _________.

A.general noise also has a harmful effect.

B.students are sensitive to noise.

C.some children need special sounds to do tasks.

D.children aren't affected by their own noise.

2The irrelevant speech effect refers to the fact that _________.

A.you don’t understand what others are talking

B.you are interrupted by the chatting of others

C.you are unwilling to chat with other people

D.you find what others are talking irrelevant to you

【题目】BLOOD DRIVE MARROW(骨髓)REGISTRATION

These patients deserve a chance at a normal, happy future and they rely on the kindness of the strangers to make that happen.

— Daisy, Isabelle’s Mother

Isabelle is the daughter of Daisy and Saman Mirzaei. In January 2008 Isabelle was diagnosed(诊断)with a genetic blood disorderbeta thalassemia. Isabelles body

is unable to produce healthy red blood cells. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions (输血) every 4-6weeks since she was 11 months old. A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems. Her only chance at a normal, healthy life is to have a marrow transplant. Isabelle is an only child, so doctors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor through The Match Registry. The Mirzaei family asks that you consider helping patients like Isabelle by registering to be a marrow donor and give the gift of life, the gift of blood.

Held at Wiley Hall

Wednesday, March 26, 2014

Behind Heathman Dormitory/Butterfield Rd.

12:00 PM - 6 :00 PM

Don’t forget to bring your driver’s license or another form of identification when you donate.

Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390.

FREE Kingston Pizza ! ! !

Marrow Donors: BE THE MATCH

bethematch.org

be 18 to 44 years old

in good health

give a swab(化验标本)of your cheek cells for marrow typing

FREEsponsored(赞助)by Michaels Fund

WWW. ribc. org 800-283-8385

The Rhode Island Blood Center distributes blood products to hospitals

in Rhode Island and Southern New England.

1We can learn from the passage that__________.

A. the blood drive is organized by Isabelle's mother

B. Isabelle receives blood transfusions regularly

C. Isabelle has been ill for 11 months

D. doctors will sponsor Isabelle's family

2To be a marrow donor, you must_____________.

A. be a relative of the patient B. carry a driver's license

C. be at least 18 years old D. apply to Michael's Fund

3Those who want to help patients like Isabelle can ___________.

A. come to Wiley Hall every Wednesday

B. visit www. ribc. org for an appointment

C. contact their parents at 800-283-8385

D. call at hospitals in Rhode Island

【题目】The Tropical Paradise Holiday

Welcome to St Anna, our tropical paradise just off the coast of Latin America. You can spend two weeks in our luxury four-star hotel. The cost of your flight is included in the holiday, and you can be picked up from your home by our special airport bus. On your arriving, our coach will be waiting to take you to the hotel. All flights leave from Heathrow on a Monday morning.

The Cowrie Hotel is built right on the beachfront, and many rooms have wonderful ocean views. If swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club.

The Rain Forest Adventure Holiday

Every year Broughton holidays offer twelve days of unforgettable adventure in a tropical rain forest. You may have a choice of Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, or even to the greatest rain forest of them all, the mighty Amazonian forest.

You will fly to our special base camps at the edge of the forest, where you will be given five days of survival training, and talks on the local wildlife.

Then you take a bus into the forest. You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.

Remember that these adventure holidays take you deep into the wilderness,and they are not suitable for families with young children. Also remember that no more than two dozen guests can stay at any camp at one time, so if you want to go on one of these very special holidays, you will need to book early !

1 Choosing the Tropical Paradise Holiday, travellers can enjoy ______.

A. a welcome party

B. beautiful ocean views

C. different indoor activities

D. free membership of the golf club

2 What can we learn about the rain forest holiday?

A. Different means of transportation will be used.

B. Travelers will learn to talk with wild animals.

C. The holiday will end with a survival training.

D. Booking early, travelers will get a discount.

3What kind of people will probably choose the rain forest holiday?

A. People loving water sports.

B. People travelling with children.

C. People preferring comfortable hotels.

D. People concerned with environment and wildlife.

4 Which of the following is mentioned in both holidays?

A. Price. B. Transportation.

C. Reservation. D. Departure time.

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