Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.

But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many， many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US government reports, emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices.

Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.

Twenty –five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change!” say Bruce Anderson.

1.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___

A. the social movement B. recycling techniques

C. environmental problems D. the importance of Earth Day

2.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?

A. The grass –roots level B. The business circle

C. Government officials D. University professors

3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?

A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest

B. They have settled their environmental problems

C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.

D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.

4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?

A. Education B. Planning

C. Green living D. CO reduction

Recently I started discovering one thing which amazes me so much: how perfect everything is in the world we are living in! Just look, all day long we are busy working and just when we get tired, the night comes in, so we may sleep and relax. One day we may enjoy the bright sun and another day, when we get tired of the sun, the rain pours down.

A few months ago I was so happy with my life. Later, I got tired from the happiness. I wished I would have some trial to strengthen my character and learn something new about life. I got what I wanted. Shortly after I got severe angina (心绞痛), so I had to stay home for several weeks. During this period I had time to rethink my life and discover myself. The lessons were terrific, but I felt grateful for this time.

Another example: I have a friend, who primarily thinks about having fun. Once I thought why we get along well with each other and what in me attracts her. A couple of days ago I found the answer. I like calmness and silence. She likes noise and agitation (热闹). We attract each other just to balance ourselves, in other words, to give some drive to me and some calmness to her!

So remember that the universe is so wise that it will try to balance you. As for me, this is perfect because extremes create suffering: too much food – too little food, too cold – too hot, too much fun – too little fun.

1.We can learn from the first paragraph that the author___.

A. always feels down on rainy days

B. always tries his best to do everything

C. feels happy with everything in life

D. is amazed at the changes in life

2.The example given in the third paragraph is to show that___.

A. it’s necessary to get along with different people

B. there exists a kind of balance in life

C. a person shouldn’t just think of fun in life

D. one should put others’ interests above his own

3.The author would probably agree that___.

A. we shouldn’t go to extremes in life

B. we should be nice to others and ourselves

C. we should adapt ourselves to changes in life

D. life can be annoying sometimes

Metro Pocket Guide

Metrorail(地铁)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.

Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours of Service

Open: 5 a.m. Mon-Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun.

Close midnight Sun—Thur. 3. a.m. Fri— Sat. nights

Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35. When paying with a smatTrip? CARD the fare is $1.25

Fares for the Senior /disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip? card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripR card and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100

Travel tips

. Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.

. If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.

1.What should you know about farecard machine?

A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.

B. They are connected to change machines.

C. They offer special service to the elderly.

D. They make change for no more than $5.

2.At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

A. At midnight B. at 3 a.m.

C. at 5 am D. at 7 p.m.

3.What is good about a SmarTrip? card?

A. It is convenient for old people B. It saves money for its users[

C. it can be bought at any time D. it is sold on the Internet

4.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A. 202-962-1195 B. 202-962-1100

C. 202-673-7000 D. 202-673-8000

The Bystander (旁观者) Effect

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. 1.

The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty” Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help, 2. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police．

Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.

There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. 3. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.

4. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and 5..

A. They hesitate and assess the risk of getting hurt

B. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.

C. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is unclear.

D. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility.

E. they did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.

F. none of the people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help.

G. the attacker didn’t stop stabbing her.

While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this ______ process and found something that has changed my ______ at college for the better: I discovered ASL—American Sign Language (美式英语).

I never felt an urge to ______ any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The ______ languages were enough in all my interactions (交往). Little did I know that I would discover my ______ for ASL.

The ______ began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club ______ their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very ______ of communicating without speaking ______ me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the ______. This newness just left me ______ more.

After that, feeling the need to ______ further. I decided to drop in on one of ASL club’s meetings. I only learned how to ______ the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my ______ progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to ______ those meetings and learn all I could.

The following term, I ______ an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was ______. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. ______, if there had been any talking, it would have ______ us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the ______ way of communication it opens.

1.A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal

2.A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion

3.A. choose B. read C. learn D. create

4.A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken

5.A. love B. concern C. goal D. request

6.A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task

7.A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed

8.A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason

9.A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted

10.A. end B. past C. course D. distance

11.A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting

12.A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain

13.A. print B. write C. sign D. count

14.A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious

15.A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize

16.A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for

17.A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated

18.A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However

19.A. required B. caused C. allowed D. expected

20.A. easy B. popular C. quick D. new

Like the native Chinese, some foreigners have started to join their Chinese friends 1. sending or grabbing virtual red packets during the Spring Festival and other special 2. (occasion).

3.(attract) by the unique way of interacting with people as well as the culture that gave birth to the phenomenon, many foreigners say competing with friends to grab red packets in 4. WeChat group can be a lot of fun.

Mattias Klement, 27, a Swede 5. has been living in China for years, said more foreigners have started to take part in this 6. (active) because of the popularity of WeChat wallet.

"I think it is 7. (main) because more and more places now allow paying with WeChat. It’s also fun to just involve 8. (you) in the culture of it," said Klement. Two years ago, when some friends 9. (send) him 5.20 or 8.88 Yuan red packets, he had no clue about the hidden meanings. Now, he is not only quite familiar with them but also has been used to sending some.

"It’s nice to be able to say ‘I love you’ with 5.20 Yuan, I guess," he said, laughing. "I also remember 10. (try) to tick some of my friends off by paying back 99.99 instead of 100 just for fun.”

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My hometown is a mountain village. The trees there were very green but the water is quite clean. I can even clearly see the fish to swim in the mountain streams. When the night come, the air is much cool than that in the daytime. People like to walk out their homes and have a get-together. I often run along the village happy. Unlike big cities, there the air is polluted and the buildings are high, my village is quite different. The star hang in the sky. When I look at theirs, they are so close to me. It seems as if I could touch them. The night here is so wonderful.

假如你是李华。你的朋友Tommy是一个手机低头族，无论站着、坐着、走着，他都在低头玩手机。请就此给Tommy写一封信。

内容包括：1．做手机低头族的危害； 2．希望他改掉这个坏习惯。

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头语和结尾语已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：过度使用overuse

Dear Tommy,

There seems to be a trend that people now tend to play with their cell phones no matter where they are. And I know you are not an exception.

_____________________________________

There are a lot of products out there that make your life easier. Some, however, are a little sillier than others — so much that they seem like joke products. Here are a few products that sound crazy, but actually rule.

Sleep Phones

It’s hard to imagine something sillier than a music-playing headband you wear while you sleep, but they exist — and are quite popular. Sleep Phones won’t give you the highest quality sound in the world, but if you prefer to fall asleep to music, they’re far more comfortable than normal headphones. While they’re a bit expensive, they might be perfect for you. There’s also a wireless version (版本) if you prefer.

Onion Goggles

If cutting onion____________no matter what you try, it’s time for desperate measures. We tested a bunch of methods for avoiding onion tears, and found the best solutions came down to cutting the onion under a vent (通风孔), or wearing these stylish and awesome goggles.

Lock Laces

There’re some great ways to tie your shoes better, but if you long for the laceless shoes of your childhood days, Lock Laces are a pretty good choice. They’re basically elastic (有弹性的) laces that remove the need to tie your shoes. Sure, people will make fun of you, but you can make fun of them after they trip over their own untied laces. Or you can make your own slip-on shoes with elastic tubing.

2D-Glasses

Hate 3D-movies, but have to go to one? The difference between 2D-glasses and 3D-glasses lies in their lenses (镜片). Each lens of 2D-glasses blocks the same picture, so each eye gets the same picture, while each lens of 3D-glasses blocks a different picture, so each eye gets a different picture which the brain interprets as 3D. Now you have a pair of glasses that can save you from the headache caused by wearing 3D-glasses which are popular in our movie theaters. You can buy them or make a pair for yourself.

1.What do we know about Sleep Phones?

A. There are two versions.

B. They’re comfortable but unhealthy.

C. They give you the best quality sound.

D. They’re cheaper than other headphones.

2.The underlined part “brings on the waterworks” in the text probably means _____.

A. makes your eyes water

B. makes your fingers hurt

C. destroys your water pipes

D. adds to your washing work

3.What is the advantage of Lock Laces?

A. They are strong and lasting.

B. They help you walk comfortably.

C. They are stylish and eco-friendly.

D. They save you from tying your shoes.

4.Compared with 3D-glasses, 2D-glasses _____.

A. are cheaper and thinner

B. won’t give you a headache

C. let you see a different picture

D. are more popular in movie theaters

The arts, especially music, should be part of every school's lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas.

Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang (团伙). Parents can enjoy listening to their children's music instead of seeing them____a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get to be part of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.

Music builds self-confidence, too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence.

Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their character. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.

1.According to the passage, music could make students smarter by _______________.

A. improving their classroom skills and paying attention

B. improving their classroom skills and imagination

C. improving their attention, direction and imagination

D. learning music, making music and trying out their own ideas

2.What does the underlined phrase "glued to" in the second paragraph mean?

A. unwilling to turn on B. always looking

C. unwilling to leave D. always playing

3.The third paragraph mainly tells us that music could _______________.

A. give children self-expression and self-confidence

B. bring to children achievement and success

C. give children something to be proud of

D. develop children's self-confidence

4.What's the best title of this passage？

A. Music is a must as a course at school

B. Music builds children's self-confidence

C. Music makes students much smarter

D. Learning music and making music