2．The days of staring at the computer screen pretending to take an interest in an assignment even th——青夏教育精英家教网—

2．The days of staring at the computer screen pretending to take an interest in an assignment even though you are bored out of your mind may soon be coming to an end．That's because computers of the future will be able to detect boredom and even react to it in real time．
But before you get concerned，the machine is not reading your mind．It is just keeping track of the constant involuntary movements that people exhibit when in front of a computer or even a television．These are not the bigger instrumental actions like moving a mouse or using the remote，but sensitive hardly noticeable movements like scratching．Researcher Witchel says the level of movement directly shows how absorbed the person is in what he/she is reading or watching-the higher the interest level，the less the movement!
To test the theory，Witchel and his team invited 27 people and exposed them to a variety of digital content for three minutes at a time．The activities ranged from playing online games to reading documents like the EU banking regulations that most people would find boring．
A video motion （动作） tracker monitored their movements as they powered through each assignment．Just as the researchers had suspected，the involuntary actions decreased remarkably，by as much as 42%，when the subjects were totally absorbed in what they were reading or seeing．
Fortunately，the scientists are not planning to use the findings to create machines that report students who are not focusing at school．Instead，they believe that applying the motion detecting technology to future computers will help improve the digital learning experience．
The scientists say being able to judge the student's interest level will enable educators to adjust the materials in real time and reengage the student．Witchel also believes that the technology can provide filmmakers with honest audience opinions．

8．Which movement does the machine keep track of？C
A．Breathing．B．Typing．C．Scratching．D．Walking．
9．What might people's high level of movement indicate during TVwatching？B
A．They are getting excited．
B．They are feeling bored．
C．They are very interested．
D．They are thinking actively．
10．How did the researchers come to the conclusion？D
A．By a followup survey．
B．By analysing previous data．
C．By means of questionnaires．
D．By observing participants'performance．
11．Which field will detecting technology be applied to？D
A．Agriculture．B．Politics．C．Industry．D．Education．

1．使…传播/被人理解（get）get across．

20．费用，价钱charge．

19．Women are friendly．But men are more competitive．Why？Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin （荷尔蒙催生素）．Although known as the love hormone，it affects the sexes differently．
"Women tend to be social in their behavior．They often share with others．But men tend to be competitive．They are trying to improve their social status，"said Professor Ryan．
Generally，people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions （互动） such as falling in love or giving birth．
But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy．
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships，but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship．
Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37．Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin．The other half received placebo （安慰剂）．
After a week，the two groups switched with participants．They went through the same procedure with the other material．
Following each treatment，they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions．Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions．The questions were about telling friendship from competition．And their answers should be based on gestures，body language and facial expressions．
The results indicated that，after treatment with oxytocin，men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved，but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better．
Professor Ryan thus concluded："Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions．And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors （因素） that are mainly hormonal．"

25．What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text？B
A．Placebo．B．Oxytocin．C．The gesture．D．The social status．
26．What can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment？C
A．Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way．
B．Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love．
C．Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others'success．
D．Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences．
27．Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment？A
A．To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions．
B．To know the differences between friendship and competition．
C．To know people's different abilities to answer questions．
D．To test people's understanding of body language．
28．The author develops the text byD．
A．explaining people's behaviors
B．describing his own experiences
C．distinguishing sexual differences
D．discussing research experiments．

18．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改仅限一词．
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
I'm glad to hear that you were visiting FuJian for your holiday．I am writing to tell you that something about Wu Yi Mountain．Locate in the northwest of FuJian Province，it is a wonderful tourist attraction．The weather there is mild on summer．What's more importantly is that it is famous as a holy tourist site．Not only can I appreciate the impressive scenery，but you can also learn many about the culture of it．It also has a large number of fantastic Chinese building．
There is no doubt whether a trip to Wu Yi Mountain will be truly unforgettable experience．I wish you a nice trip!

17．It was reported last week that developers could take photos from Apple mobile and Google Android devices without the phone owners knowing that the images were being taken．In Apple's case，developers can also obtain the location information for each photo．
Senator（参议员） Charles Schumer said in a telephone interview that his office had spoken with officials at both Apple and Google on Monday．
"We asked them if they could find a way on their own to prevent Apple from having access to private information，"Mr．Schumer said．"They were friendly and open to the idea that this ought to be changed．"On Sunday，Mr．Schumer said that he planned to send a letter to the Federal Trade Commission （联邦贸易委员会） asking the agency to investigate Apple and Google after the privacy concerns came to light．Claudia Bourne Farrell，an F．T．C．spokeswoman，said the agency had received the letter but she could not comment further．
"It sends shivers up the spine to think that one's personal photos，address book，and who knows what else can be obtained and even posted online without permission，"Mr．Schumer wrote in his letter to the F．T．C．"If the technology exists to open the door to this kind of privacy invasion，then surely technology exists to close it，and that's exactly what must happen．"
Mr．Schumer said if Apple and Google could not come to an agreement to fix the problem，then he would be forced to take the issue further．He said other companies had been willing to work with his office to fix issues．"I'm optimistic that we can get this changed without any regulation，"he said．"If it's not changed，then we'll look the F．T．C，and if that doesn't work then we'll look at legislative （立法） approach．"
The F．T．C．has warned companies to try to be more vigilant（警醒的） in their efforts to protect consumers when it comes to privacy．

28．The senators spoke with officials at both Apple and GoogleC．
A．to discuss whether it is illegal to have access to private information．
B．to stop them from developing the technology of taking photos．
C．to urge them not to invade consumers'privacy．
D．to keep them from obtaining the location information for each photo．
29．Which of the following statements is true？D
A．Privacy invasion from Apple has existed for a long time．
B．Privacy invasion from Google has existed for a long time．
C．Apple and Google have decided to make a change．
D．Mr．Schumer takes the privacy concerns caused by Apple and Google seriously．
30．Mr．Schumer's letter to the F．T．C．mainly shows that the technology to open the door to privacy
invasionA．
A．causes people to worry about the safety of their personal information．
B．can be used if permitted．
C．causes personal information to be posted online without permission．
D．causes privacy invasion to happen frequently．
31．If the privacy concerns can't be solved with the help of the F．T．C．，C．
A．The companies will be fined．
B．The companies will be closed．
C．The senators will turn to legislation．
D．The senators will force the companies not to invade privacy．

16．The immune system is the body's defender．It identifies，tracks own，and destroys troublemakers before they can hurt the body．Those troublemakers may be，for example，bacteria from a cut or splinter，a measles（麻疹） germ，a cold bug，or even a cancer cell．?
These invaders try to take over our tissues and feed off our bodies'nutrients．If they succeed，we become sick or，sometimes，even die．It's the job of our immune systems to destroy these invaders before they destroy us．?
Say you picked up a flu virus last week．Perhaps it entered your body through a cut，from a drinking glass，or from the air you breathe．Of course，you didn't feel it，but the virus made its way into your bloodstream．As soon as it entered your body，it began to reproduce．Viruses have only one goal：to take over your cells．Once inside your body，viruses try to enter cells and disrupt their normal wor k．If left alone，these viruses would hurt so many cells that you would weaken，or worse，get a serious illness．?
But this flu virus should not be so complacent as it seems to be．As it repoduces in your bloodstream，the virus is met by a certain kind of white blood cell，the lymphocytes．The lymphocytes are the foot soldiers that keep you alive．?
The number of lymphocytes in your body is hard to imagine．Thousands of them could fit in the period at the end of this sentence．Your body holds about a trillion-that's 1，000，000，000，000 of them，or about 3，000 in every drop of blood．Since you began reading this sentence，over 800，000 of them have been created and destroyed．?
Some of these lymphocytes pass through a small walnut?sized organ called the thymus．The thymus is the base of the neck．Here，special hormones（荷尔蒙）turn lymphocytes into fighting cells，called T ells．?
T cells have one terrific talent：They can tell the difference between friend and foe；what should be in our bodies and what shouldn't．They do not affect the body's healthy cells．Yet they attack everything that is foreign to our bodies，such as germs，transplants，and even our own cells which have become abnormal，as in the case of cancer．

28．What is the function of our immune system？C
A．To take over our tissues an feed off our bodies'nutrients．
B．To prevent bacteria or germs from entering the body．
C．To destroy the troublemakers in order that they might not hurt the body．
D．To fight against T cells．
29．Which of the following can NOT be detected by T cells？A
A．Thymus．
B．Transplants．
C．Cancer cells．
D．Healthy cells．
30．Which of the following questions best summaries the main idea of the whole passage？B
A．How does the immune system attack the flu virus？
B．How does the immune system function in our body？
C．How do the lymphocytes work in our body？
D．What is the so called immune system？

15．Judging from recent surveys，most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation．"I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to，"says Dr David．Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest．
The beginning of our sleepdeficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries，sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night．"The best sleep habits once were forced on us，when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm，and it was dark．"By the 1950s and 1960s，the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically，to between 7.5 and 8 hours，and most people had to wake to an alarm clock．"People cheat in their sleep，and they don't even realize they're doing it，"says Dr David．"They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours，when they really need 7.5，8 or even more to feel ideally energetic．"
Perhaps the mostmerciless robber of sleep，researches say，is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work，family，friends and community increase，many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme．"In our society，you're considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours'sleep．If you've got to get 8.5 hours，people think you lack drive and ambition．"
To determine the consequences of sleepdeficit，researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them，for instance，to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier．"We've found that if you're in sleepdeficit，performance suffers，"says Dr David．"Shortterm memory is weakened，as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate．"

24．What is the main topic of the passage？A
A．Research on the causes and consequences of sleepdeficit．
B．The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times．
C．The history of people's sleeping patterns．
D．The minimum of our sleeping hours．
25．Which of the following is Dr David's opinion？D
A．People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't．
B．Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5 hours'sleep a night．
C．If they get 8.5hours'sleep，people will be full of drive and ambition．
D．People's mental power suffers if they are lacking in sleep．
26．People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night becauseC．
A．they were forced by their parents to do so
B．they knew what was best for their health
C．they had no electricity
D．they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
27．What does the word"subjects"in Paragraph 4mean？C
A．Persons or things being discussed or described．
B．Branches of knowledge studied in a school．
C．Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on．
D．Any member of a state apart from the supreme ruler．

14．One August afternoon，Richard Allen dropped off his last passenger，Mrs．Carey．Lifting two grocery bags，he followed her across the yard and stood on the step of her house．Glancing up，he saw a large wasp （黄蜂） nest under the roof．Allen had heardthat wasps can become more likely to sting in summer．He mentioned this to Mrs．Carey，who had opened the oor．
"Oh，hey don't bother me，"she said lightly．"I go in and out all the time．"
Anxiously，Allen looked at the nest again-to see the wasps flying straight at him．"Hurry!"he shouted to Mrs．Carey．"Get in!"
She stepped quickly inside．Allen ran for his mini-bus．Too late； they were upon him．Just as he jumped aboard，half a dozen red spots showed on his arm，and he felt more on his back and shoulders．
As he was driving down the road，Allen felt as if somethng was burning at the back of his neck，and the"fire"was spreading forward toward his face．An immediate anxiety took hold of him．Allen knew that stings could cause some persons to die．But he had been stung the previous summer and the after-effects soon passed．However，what he didn't know was that the first sting had turned his body into a time bomb waiting for the next to set off an explosion．
Miles from the nearest medical assistance，Allen began to feel his tongue thick and heavy and his heartbeat louder．Most frightening，he felt his breathing more and more difficult．He reached for the radio mike （话筒），trying to call the mini-bus center，but his words were hardly understandable．Signals were also poor that far out．He knew a rescue team was on 24-hour duty at the Amherst Fire Department's north station．So his best chance was to make a run for it．
Rushing down the mountain，Allen tried not to panic，focusing his ind on each sharp turn．He was almost through the last of them when he felt sure he was going into shock （休克）．Just then he reached for the radio mike again．
"Call fire station，"he shouted，concentrating to form the words．"Emergency．Bee sting．Emergency．There in ten minutes．"
"Five-ten．"the center replied．
Hold on，Allen thought．Keep your eyes open．Breathe．Keep awake．
At last he reached the station．Two firemen ran out．Allen felt their hands grasp him before he hit the ground．You made it，he thought．

56．It is mentioned in the passage that wasps are more likely to attack whenD．
A．there are huge noises
B．strangers are approaching
C．the air is filled with food smell
D．the hottest season comes around
57．Allen didn't know that if stung by wasps again，he wouldB．
A．have no after-effects
B．suffer from sharper pain
C．surely lose his life
D．become more sensitive
58．Allen failed at his first attempt to send his message to the mini-bus center becauseA．
A．he was unable to speak clearly
B．his radio equipment was poor
C．he was in a state of shock
D．no one was on duty
59．Which would be the best title for the passage？C
A．Allen，a Helpless Driver
B．Wasps，Bloody Killers
C．A Race against Death
D．War against Wasps．

13．那些上课心不在焉的人很快就会在学科学习上落下，通常如此．（case）As is often the case，people who are mind-absent in class will leave behind in study soon．．

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