20．One of the unpleasant aspects of being a manager is that you have to deal with employees who enga——青夏教育精英家教网——

20．One of the unpleasant aspects of being a manager is that you have to deal with employees who engage in violating company policies．Some typical disciplinary actions will be done such as reassignment or even firing．Too light，and they will not sufficiently communicate the severity of the infraction（违规行为），both to the employee who broke the rules and to the peers who are watching．Too heavy，and you create an unfair environment that violates everyone's expectations for justice．
We all want to believe that we are fair，and that we would be objective．However，there's an important factor that could undermine your ability to be fair：sleep．My colleagues-Kyoungmin Cho at the University of Washington and Cristiano Guarana at the University of Virginia-and I wanted to investigate this link．My previous research indicates that lack of sleep damages judgment and behavior．And the research literature indicates that lack of sleep leads to errors in decision making．As I discuss in my TEDx talk，sleep-lacking people are not efficient without even being aware that．
My colleagues and I started our research based on that lack of sleep can increase negative responses to the infraction．Sleep-lacking people are more likely to interpret an action in a negative manner．This suggests that people will conduct infractions more negatively when they're sleep-lacking．In addition，lack of sleep makes it more difficult to regulate negative emotions．This can make people more likely to become angry，making them in turn more likely to respond negatively to people who engage in punishable behaviors．We assume that sleep-lacking people would be more likely to give harsher punishments．
Based on this finding，our advice to managers is to be aware of this potential effect on your judgment．If a staff engages in a punishable infraction after you've had a short night of sleep，you may allocate a punishment that is harsher than necessary，contributing to an unfair work environment．
Two potential ways to address this would be to either delay deciding on a disciplinary measure until you have had a better night of sleep or deliberately discount the measure to soften the effect of your lack of sleep．Given the difficulty of measuring the second approach，the first approach is probably the better option．And it bears repeating：If you want to be a better manager，aim to get at least eight hours of sleep each night．

28．What does the author say about disciplinary actions？D
A．Employees should be fired．
B．Bonuses will be removed．
C．Severe rules should be performed．
D．It is hard to balance the punishments．
29．The underlined word"undermine"is closest in meaning toD．
A．change
B．influence
C．determine
D．weaken
30．What would a sleepy manager do？B
A．Realize the side effect of it and take actions．
B．Throw more severe punishment．
C．Get rid of the negative atmosphere in the company．
D．Regulate the negative emotions．
31．Which of the following statements is true according to the text？C
A．A good sleep leads to a fair environment．
B．Unfair work environment is due to weak punishments．
C．It is necessary to give punishments after a good sleep．
D．Eight hours of sleep each night is the bottom line．

19．British Airways booking secrets-and the best late deals this week：Short holidays and European city breaks．
Dublin from£109 pp：Enjoy the Emerald Isle without the St Patrick's Day crowds．Departing 20th March，this package includes a two night stay at the four-star Kings Wood Hotel Citywest and return flights from London Stansted．Click here．
Bruges from£159 pp：Treat mum to a mother's day city break in the medieval，fairy-tale town of Bruges and enjoy canal-side strolls and a nice helping of culture．Price includes two nights at the four-star NH Brugge with travel from London St Pancras，departing 20th March．Click here．
Madrid from£166 pp：Fly from Liverpool on March 27 for three nights'B&B at the three-star Espahotel Plaza de Espana．Real Madrid don't have a football game then，so see if Ronaldo fancies a cerveza．Click here．
French Alps from£499 pp：Save over£320each on a week's skiing at Les Arcs 2000，staying catered at the Chalet Vanoise．Based on two sharing and includes flights from Manchester on March 18and transfers．Six-day lift passes from£219，equipment hire from£65．Click here．
Tenerife from£289 pp：Get your tan on early with a trip to the European home of beaches：Tenerife，with its postcard perfect golden sand．Spend seven nights at the four-star Hotel Spa La Quinta Park Suites，departing 6th May and including return flights．Click here．

21．Which destination is the cheapest？A
A．Dublin．
B．Bruges．
C．French Alps．
D．Tenerife．
22．What special feature is Madrid noted for？B
A．Skiing．
B．Football．
C．Sunshine．
D．Culture．
23．Where would you most probably see this text？
A．UK airlines．
B．A magazine．
C．A TV program．
D．The Internet．

18．It is apparent that an equal _________ of the educational resources is what the public need badly nowadays．（　　）

17．Finally，he chose to withdraw from college to care for his grandma ______ the fact that she had developed cancer．（　　）

	A．	in reference to		B．	in possession of
	C．	in view of		D．	in defense of

16．According to Global Blue，a tax-free shopping consultancy，Chinese shoppers were said to be the biggest overseas spenders in the year 2013，each customer _________ an average of£1，367per transaction．（　　）

15．To his relief，the operation _________ a complete success and the patient was saved．（　　）

14．Acupuncture has been accepted by more and more people around the world，_____ have other traditional Chinese medicines．（　　）

13．Police are trying to find a ________ witness who may have seen what happened．（　　）

12．Today police launched（=began）a campaign to reduce road accidents．

11．When approaching the building slowly，he noticed there were two guards at the gate．

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