10．-What a terrible accident!
-Yes．It happened _____ the four roads meet．（ ）
-Yes．It happened _____ the four roads meet．（ ）
| A． | where | B． | that | C． | when | D． | as |
9．-Madam，when is the next train？
-It _____ at 5this evening．（ ）
-It _____ at 5this evening．（ ）
| A． | was leaving | B． | left | C． | leaves | D． | has left |
8．We have a learning center ______ kids do independent and self-directed learning activities．（ ）
| A． | which | B． | when | C． | where | D． | whose |
7．-Tom was caught cheating in the exam．
-Just his luck．________．（ ）
-Just his luck．________．（ ）
| A． | He has to kill the fatted calf． | |
| B． | He has to face the music． | |
| C． | He must see the handwriting on the wall． | |
| D． | He must be a black sheep． |
6．-The skirt is too expensive； its color too dark，and…．
-________．Is there anyone so particular like you？（ ）
-________．Is there anyone so particular like you？（ ）
| A． | Take it or leave it | B． | Can't complain too much | ||
| C． | Go ahead | D． | Cheer up |
5．Nowadays in India，women with independent incomes are refusing to ________ the traditional idea of marriage．（ ）
| A． | submit to | B． | commit to | C． | devote to | D． | subscribe to |
4．While our city tries impatiently to change its appearance by tearing down old buildings，more and more citizens are suggesting ways to preserve the ________ important architecture．（ ）
| A． | partly | B． | historically | C． | originally | D． | apparently |
3．________，the text became easier for us to learn．（ ）
| A． | Explaining new words | B． | New words explained | ||
| C． | Being explained new words | D． | Having explained new words |
2．She was so tired that she ________ asleep during the class．（ ）
| A． | became | B． | turned | C． | grew | D． | fell |
1．In all fields of life，and particularly within the commercial world，when managed effectively，competition can deliver a wealth of benefits．It can provide individuals with the motivation they need to work hard and achieve objectives．It can encourage effective teamwork as managers seek to use the different strong points of team members to secure the best team performance．It can contribute to greater commitment to quality as people seek to use this as a way to beat their competitors．Healthy competition can cause the development of creativity as individuals seek out all possible ways to get ahead of the crowd．It can also help managers to identify which individual makes progress under pressure and which is better suited to less stressful roles．
However，employers can often find it difficult to agree on the type of competition they want within their organization，the targets they'll use and the measurement techniques they'll apply．For example，it's common for businesses to give different sales teams clear targets with the lure（诱惑）of the highest bonuses for the top performers．While this will usually give rise to healthy competition，it can also mean that important long-term projects get pushed to one side as the team devotes all its energy to achieving the short-term target．So it's important that the goals and objectives which are set for teams are in line with wider business requirements．Additionally，in very competitive organizations，managers should get individuals to see the bigger picture and act in the best interest of their organization as a whole，rather than to follow the very narrow targets they have set as individuals or as a team．
Thus，employers have to be careful not to let competition have a ruinous effect on morale （士气） at any level．Equally，businesses should introduce clear processes and guidelines that prevent individuals from different teams quarrelling about the allocation of sales income if parties from different teams have worked together to win a contract（合同）．Infighting such as this is always damaging．Moreover，managers must also be alert to the risk of creating conditions where bullying（欺凌） can be used．
To encourage healthy competition in an organization，you must introduce very clear policies regarding competition and ensure the information is communicated effectively．Individuals must know what behavior is acceptable within a competitive environment，and what behavior is considered not acceptable．Also，you should ensure that individuals are measured against all desirable targets but not one simple goal．Ensure that you have senior managers who are able to take a"helicopter view"and judge fairly between teams for the greater good when arguments do unavoidably arise．
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However，employers can often find it difficult to agree on the type of competition they want within their organization，the targets they'll use and the measurement techniques they'll apply．For example，it's common for businesses to give different sales teams clear targets with the lure（诱惑）of the highest bonuses for the top performers．While this will usually give rise to healthy competition，it can also mean that important long-term projects get pushed to one side as the team devotes all its energy to achieving the short-term target．So it's important that the goals and objectives which are set for teams are in line with wider business requirements．Additionally，in very competitive organizations，managers should get individuals to see the bigger picture and act in the best interest of their organization as a whole，rather than to follow the very narrow targets they have set as individuals or as a team．
Thus，employers have to be careful not to let competition have a ruinous effect on morale （士气） at any level．Equally，businesses should introduce clear processes and guidelines that prevent individuals from different teams quarrelling about the allocation of sales income if parties from different teams have worked together to win a contract（合同）．Infighting such as this is always damaging．Moreover，managers must also be alert to the risk of creating conditions where bullying（欺凌） can be used．
To encourage healthy competition in an organization，you must introduce very clear policies regarding competition and ensure the information is communicated effectively．Individuals must know what behavior is acceptable within a competitive environment，and what behavior is considered not acceptable．Also，you should ensure that individuals are measured against all desirable targets but not one simple goal．Ensure that you have senior managers who are able to take a"helicopter view"and judge fairly between teams for the greater good when arguments do unavoidably arise．
| Healthy competition | |
| （71）Benefitsof healthy competition | •Competition can keep individuals （72）motivated to work hard towards goals． •With each member's （73）strengths used effectively，the team will work better and more productively as a whole． •Healthy competition can encourage everyone to work more （74）creatively． •It helps managers to learn about their employees． |
| Challenges in encouraging healthy competition | •●Sometimes competition makes teams （75）focus on short-term goals instead of long-term goals． •Sometimes competition makes individuals （76）ignore the whole organization's interests and then just follow their own narrow targets． |
| What to avoid for healthy competition | •Avoid letting competition （77）ruin morale． •Avoid using （78）unclear processes and guidelines that can result in infighting． •Avoid creating conditions where individuals bully each other． |
| Tips on encouraging healthy competition | •Make policies about what can be done and what is （79）unacceptable． •Assess individuals on a comprehensive basis． •Choose senior managers who can make fair （80）judgments about arguments． |