17．My friend's grandfather came to America from a farm in Thailand．After arriving in New York.he wen——青夏教育精英家教网—

17．My friend's grandfather came to America from a farm in Thailand．After arriving in New York，he went into a cafeteria（自助餐厅） in Manhattan to get something to eat．He sat down at an empty table and waited for someone to take his order．Of course nobody did．Finally，a woman with a big plate full of food came up to him．She sat down opposite him and told him how a cafeteria worked．
"Start out at that end，"she said，"Just go along the line and choose what you want．At the other end they'll tell you how much you have to  pay．"
"I soon learned that's how everything works in America，"the grandfather told my friend later，"Life's a cafeteria here．You can get anything you want as long as you want to pay the price．You can even get success，but you'll never get it if you                              wait for someone to bring it to you．You have to get up and get ityourself．"
21．My friend's grandfather came fromA．
A．Thailand
B．Manhattan
C．New York
D．China
22．The grandfather went into a cafeteria toB．
A．wait for someone．
B．get something to eat．
C．meet my friend．
D．buy something．
23．What should we do to get food in a cafeteria？C
A．Wait for the waiter．
B．Ask someone for help．
C．Get it ourselves．
D．Sit down at an empty table．
24．What can we learn from the grandfather's words about the life in the US？B
A．Get up early and you can succeed．
B．Act and get what you want on your own．
C．Nobody brings you anything unless you pay the price．
D．Waiting is very important．

16．The Chinese language is （61）different（differ） from Western languages．It uses characters （62）which/that stand for ideas，objects or deeds instead of an alphabet．Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters．In many cases，a single character can also form a word．（63）The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed．
According （64）toan ancient story，a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing．The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects．Some characters（65）have been simplified（simplify） and others have been made more difficult over time．
Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects．Sometimes to express ideas，some characters were made by （66）combining （combine） two or more characters together．For example，'rest'was made up of the characters for a man and a tree．The character'prisoner'was formed with a'man'inside a square．Other characters were developed for directions and numbers．It is easy（67）to distinguish（distinguish） their meanings by just looking at them．
Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings，one of their shortcomings （68）is （be） that they do not show（69）how they should be pronounced．Therefore，a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation．Many Chinese characters used today were made this way．
In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now
they are （70）widely （wide） used in China's mainland．

15．Create a Fitness Challenge with Your Family
Set a goal（目标）．Setting up a simple，fun family fitness challenge is the perfect way to get everyone encouraged to get healthy．Hold a family meeting to kick off your family fitness challenge．Ask for everyone's ideas-Little kids too!
（36）A．How will you track your progress？Determine whether you'll log（记录） minutes of exercise，steps taken，pounds/inches lost，new foods tried-whatever works for your family's particular fitness challenge．
（37）C．What are you struggling for？Will it be something different for each person in your family，or a group gift that you can all enjoy together？What encourages your kids？Cash？A new toy？A special outing？Select something that you can all enjoy．
（38）B．Set a regular interval （间隔） to record your progress．Maybe you'll log your daily steps each night at bedtime，or have a family meeting on Sundays at which each family member can share the progress he's made toward your group goal．Take this opportunity to cheer each other on!
Meet your goal and claim your prize．You did it!（39）G．Talk to your kids about what you learned from your fitness challenge．
Set a new goal．Don't rest on your achievements．（40）F．If your first fitness challenge encouraged you to change your exercise habits，maybe your second one can focus on a diet habit．Or，stick with your original plan，but set the goal higher for success．And of course，come up with a new reward．Good luck!

A．Make a plan．
B．Check in often．
C．Choose a reward（奖赏）．
D．Know your goal well．
E．Remember：Pride goes before a fall．
F．Challenge yourselves to start over again with a new goal．
G．Give each other a hearty round of congratulations and enjoy your prize..

14．Wicked!Notice the intonation（语调）．It means"wonderful"，"great"，"cool"，"splendid"．It came into English from United States'slang（俚语） in the 1980s or maybe earlier．Certainly it arrived in Britain in the late 1980s．
It was part of a trend（趋势） which goes back decades to use bad words to mean good things，or some good words to mean bad things．I mean you might remember saying，"That's great"meaning"It isn't great"．And always there's been this use of the word"naughty"to mean"nice"．
It's mainly used as an adjective in front of a noun，for example"We had a wicked time!"Or，of course，you can use it alone by just saying"Wicked!"as a reaction-that's how youngsters use it．And youngsters，of course，knowing that grown-ups are now using it as well，have decided to use other bad words in the same sort of way-I've heard young people in recent years use words like"evil"meaning"good"，or"brutal"meaning"good"．
"Wicked"is still around．This means，of course，that the traditional sense of"wicked"is now being squeezed（挤） out．So with"wicked"，intonation（语调） is the only way to tell the old meaning from the new meaning，so you have to be careful，and pay very careful attention to the context．
And please pay attention that the use of the word is spreading．The other day，for the first time，I heard somebody say"wicked cool"，meaning"very cool"．
24．What does the text mainly tell readers？B
A．The changing meaning of English words．
B．The change of the word"wicked"in meaning．
C．The way to use English words．
D．English words from American slang．
25．The author tells readers to pay attention to the intonation of the word"wicked"becauseC．
A．the word is easy to misunderstand
B．there is another word with the same pronunciation
C．its intonation decides its meaning
D．there are many meanings of the word
26．According to the text，which of the following words is often used to express its opposite meaning？D
A．Cool．
B．Wonderful．
C．Splendid．
D．Evil．
27．According to the text，we know that the word"wicked"A．
A．has been used in Britain for more than 20years
B．is only used in front of a noun
C．has lost its old meaning
D．was first used by American children．

13．"When an American asks me this question，it's like a wall of ice crashing down between us．"my Moscow-born friend Galina said．The question is"How are you？"．
The answer Americans give，of course is，"Fine．"But when Russians hear this，they think one of two things：you are experiencing a rare moment of fineness or you are lying．
If you ask a Russian"How are you？"，you will hear the truth．I have experienced many painful minutes of silence after my grandmother made her answer："Terrible，"to which she might add，"Why？Because being old is terrible and I am very old．"
"‘Fine'makes Russians think that Americans are telling a lie，"I explained recently to an American-born friend，"That they just want to go home，eat a frozen dinner in front of the TV，and wait out the hours before going to work to make money again．"
The thing most Russians don't realize is that，in English，"How are you？"isn't a question at all，but a form of"hi"，like the Russian"privyet!"
So guide books for Americans who are traveling to Russia had better tell them not to greet Russians by using American approach"How are you？"because it will confuse and upset Russians．"Why？Does my face indicate illness？"is what they have in mind when meeting this question．
21．When you ask a Russian"how are you"the Russian willB．
A．answer"fine"
B．tell you the truth
C．make no answer
D．get angry and walk away
22．If an American answers"fine"to the question"how are you"，the Russian will thinkA．
A．he is not honest
B．he will go home
C．he likes watching TV
D．he is living a bad life
23．We can infer Russians'answer to"how are you"can make Americans feelC．
A．happy
B．angry
C．puzzled
D．touched．

12．Recently I failed an exam．（61）However，after I came out of my teacher's office，I told myself，"Smile!It's not so serious．"
I smiled a big smile and it（62）worked（work） a little，really．
Everyone gets（63）frustrated（frustrate） sometimes．I used to（64）be influenced（ influence ）by pressure and I was often in low spirits．But one day I came（65）across a sentence in the Bible，"Do not be anxious about tomorrow，for tomorrow will be anxious for itself，let the day's own trouble be sufficient for the day．"It suddenly struck me，"（66）Worrying（worry） about a problem doesn't help．Why not just give a big smile and face up to the trouble？"
Now every time I want to cry，I remind myself that laugher is better than tears and anger．I （67）am convinced（convince） that there's something magical about a smile．A smile helps me recover confidence and gives me the courage to move on．
Remember，whenever you're faced with a setback，whenever you've been treated（68）unfairly（fair），all it takes is（69）determination（determine ）and you can feel happy again．Smile at life，（70）and it will shine on you．

11．In the US，people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people tey don't know．This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available，even if a large one is．If you are sitting at a table with people you don't know，it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them．
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order．You may find the bread and butter is free，and if you order coffee，you may get a free refill．
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants，though they usually do make rules for bars．Especially in large cities，stores may be open 24hours a day．
Serving in restaurants is often large； too large for many people．If you can't finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later，ask your waitress or waiter for a"doggie bag"．It may have a picture of a dog on it，but everybody knows you're taking the food for yourself．
Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal．Some people have"Sunday dinner"．This is an especially big noon meal．
Tips are not usually added to the check．They are not included in the price of the meal，either．A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave．In some restaurants，a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there．Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change．
29．Which statement is true？A
A．An American would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking．
B．A hostess always seats a small group at a large table．
C．American people never sit with people they don't know．
D．American people like sitting with people they don't know．
30．What do American people always do when servings are too large for them？B
A．They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs．
B．They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later．
C．They leave the food on the table and go away．
D．They ask the waitress or waiter to keepthe food for them．
31．Sunday dinner isD．
A．a dinner in the evening
B．A supper on Sunday
C．a big lunch on Sunday
D．A big noon meal．

10．One Sunday，Mark decided to go sailing in his boat with his friend Dan，but Dan happened to be away．Dan's brother John offered to go instead though he did not know anything about sailing．Mark agreed and they set out to sea．
Soon they found themselves in a thick fog．Mark was sure they would be hit by a big ship．Fortunately he saw a large buoy （浮标） through the fog and decided to tie the boat to it for safety．As he was getting onto the buoy，however，he dropped the wet rope．The boat moved away in the fog carrying John，Who did not know how to use the radio．He drifted about and was not seen until twelve hours later．
Mark spent the night on the buoy．In the early morning he fell asleep．He was having a bad dream when a shout woke him up．A ship，the Good Hope，came up and he climbed onto it and thanked the captain．The captain told him that John had been picked up by another ship and the ship's captain had sent out a message．"Without the message I would not have found you on the buoy，"he said．
25．Why didn't Mark and Dan go sailing together？C
A．Dan asked his brother to go instead
B．Mark was in some other place
C．Dan was in some other place
D．Mark would like to go with John
26．Mark tried to tie the boat to the buoy so thatD．
A．he could spend the night on it while John was looking for help
B．he and John could go sailing again when the fog cleared
C．he might be picked up by a passing ship
D．it wouldn't be hit by other ships
27．John and Mark became separated becauseD．
A．there wasn't room for both John and Mark on the buoy
B．Mark thought it safe to stay on the buoy but John didn't
C．John had to stay in the boat to radio for help
D．John couldn't control the boat and drifted away
28．What made it possible for Mark to be found on the buoy？B
A．The captain saw him as the fog cleared．
B．John told people where to look for him．
C．He shouted when he caught sight of the Good Hope．
D．John radioed to the Good Hope to get him．

9．How do you address（称呼） people in English when you want to talk to them？The following may be some simple rules the beginners should follow．
1．When talking to strangers there is often no special form of address in English．Usually，if you want to catch the attention of a stranger it is necessary to use such phrases as"Excuse me"．
2．In British English"Sir"and"Madam"are considered to be too formal for most situations．They are used mostly to customers in shops or restaurants．While in American English"Sir"and"Madam"are not so formal and are commonly used between strangers，especially with older people whose names you don't know．
3．When you talk to some people you know，you can use their names．If you are friends，use their first names； if your relationship is more formal，use"Mr．"，"Mrs．"，"Ms"，etc，before their family names．
4．There are many other forms of address which can be used between friends and strangers．However，many of these are limited in use．For example，"pal"and"mate"can be used between strangers，but are usually only used by men talking to other men．
21．According to the passage，"Excuse me"is mainly used toB．
A．address a person you don't know
B．catch the attention of a stranger
C．apologize to others
D．suggest good manners
22．If John Smith is your best friend，according to the passage you should often call himD．
A．Smith
B．Mr．Smith
C．Mr．John
D．John
23．Which of the following is NOT true？A
A．People often use"Mr．"，"Mrs．"or"Ms"before the first names of those people who they don't know very well．
B．"Sir"and"Madam"are used more often in America than in England．
C．"Pal"and"mate"are usually only used between men．
D．While addressing friends，people just use their first names
24．The passage is most likely taken from an EnglishC．
A．storybook
B．card
C．textbook
D．grammar book．

8．Bob thought he had all the right qualifications（资格） for the job，so he went bravely to the manager．

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